Cytokines: The Game Changer in Pathogenesis of Covid-19

Abstract

A small particle of the size about 100 micrometers (SARS-V2) has shaken the world. In some Covid-19 patients a severe immune reaction was found in which cells release too many cytokines into the blood too quickly. Cytokines are regulators of host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma. In addition, cytokines activate those cells, stimulating them to produce more cytokines. Normally, this feedback loop is kept in check by the body. Some cytokines act to make disease worse. Cytokine storms might explain why some people have a severe reaction to corona viruses while others only experience mild symptoms. They could also be the reason why younger people are less affected, as their immune systems are less developed and so produce lower levels of inflammation-driving cytokines. Since, in early 2020, Covid -19 became pandemic, globally multi-pronged research started to get rid of corona virus 2 (SARSCoV-2) [1, 2]. For such a task, it was necessary to understand the pathogenesis of covid-19, due to the fact that SARS-CoV-2, is new and its mechanism of action and its interrelationship with the human body organs is not fully known yet. Nevertheless, it is known that all viruses and bacteria when invade the body interact with the immune system, inflammation starts and if the immune system cannot get rid of the invaders, pathogenesis starts.