Current Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotypes in Sverdlovsk Region in 2020–2021

E. Bolgarova, Y. Zakharova, I. Mukhachev, I. A. Korotkova, I. A. Ivashchenko, А. Ostapchuk, O. I. Mamontov
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Abstract

Relevance. Studying the spread of individual S. pneumoniae serotypes is of special epidemiologic and clinical importance. Sverdlovsk Region with the 20% proportion of community­-acquired pneumonia and its proportion among the causes of mortality of up to 70% is of special concern.Aims. Studying the features of the S. pneumoniae serotype landscape in individual socially significant population groups in Sverdlovsk Region in 2020 and 2021.Materials and methods. The work presents the results of testing nasopharyngeal smears collected in two observation groups, namely, that of 159 unvaccinated children aged 0 to 5 with acute respiratory infections (ARI), and that of 392 apparently healthy adults aged 19 to 27. We performed molecular genetic typing for identification of 20 leading S. рneumoniae serotypes/serogroups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 16F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 6ABCD, 7AF, 9AV, 9LN, 11AD, 15AF, 18ABCF, 22AF, 12FAB/44/46, 33AF/37) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results and discussion. In the individuals of the studied groups of observation, in 27.0% and 28.1% of the cases the study detected the S. pneumoniae in the biological material with circulation of 12 «vaccine» (19F – 2,6%, 6ABCD – 2,6%, 4 – 2,0%, 23F – 2,0%, 9AV – 1,3%, 9LN – 0,6%, 11AD – 1,3%, 18ABCF – 2,0%) and «nonvaccine» (15AF – 0.7%, 16F – 0.6%) serotypes. Nontypable strains with the highest proportion (77.3%) among the immunized adult population were predominant in the structure; in the unvaccinated children, this rate was 53.5%. Among the typable strains in children, 70.0% belonged to the vaccine ones, and most frequently the study identified 19F and 23F serotypes, while serotypes 3 and 12F/A/B/44/46 dominated among the adults.Conclusion. The study of unimmunized pediatric and immunized adult populations of Sverdlovsk Region confirmed a trend toward an increase in the circulation of nontypable S. pneumoniae strains in the Russian Federation, which sets the agenda to improve the monitoring system and optimize molecular genetic techniques for identification of the pathogens and upgrade the present specific and nonspecific preventive remedies, including the current antimicrobial ones and locally­-produced vaccine.
2020-2021年斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区当前肺炎链球菌血清型
的相关性。研究个体肺炎链球菌血清型的传播具有特殊的流行病学和临床意义。斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区社区获得性肺炎占20%,其在死亡原因中所占的比例高达70%,这一点特别令人关注。研究2020年和2021年斯维尔德洛夫斯克州个别社会意义人群肺炎链球菌血清型景观特征。材料和方法。这项工作介绍了对两个观察组收集的鼻咽涂片的检测结果,即159名未接种疫苗的0至5岁急性呼吸道感染(ARI)儿童和392名表面健康的19至27岁成年人。采用多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对20种主要肺炎链球菌血清型/血清组(1、2、3、4、5、14、16F、19A、19F、23A、23F、6ABCD、7AF、9AV、9LN、11AD、15AF、18ABCF、22AF、12FAB/44/46、33AF/37)进行分子遗传分型鉴定。结果和讨论。在观察组个体中,27.0%和28.1%的病例在循环的12种“疫苗”(19F - 2,6%, 6ABCD - 2,6%, 4 - 2,0%, 23F - 2,0%, 9AV - 1,3%, 9LN - 0,6%, 11AD - 1,3%, 18ABCF - 2,0%)和“非疫苗”(15AF - 0.7%, 16F - 0.6%)血清型的生物材料中检出肺炎链球菌。非分型菌株在成年免疫人群中占比最高(77.3%);在未接种疫苗的儿童中,这一比例为53.5%。在儿童型毒株中,70.0%属于疫苗型毒株,以19F和23F血清型最为常见,成人以3型和12F/A/B/44/46血清型为主。对斯维尔德洛夫斯克州未接种疫苗的儿童和接种疫苗的成人人群的研究证实了俄罗斯联邦非分型肺炎链球菌菌株传播增加的趋势,这为改善监测系统和优化病原体鉴定的分子遗传技术以及升级现有的特异性和非特异性预防措施(包括目前的抗菌药物和当地生产的疫苗)制定了议程。
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