Quantification of total alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, phenolic, and chlorogenic acid contents of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present work was to assess the total alkaloid content (TAC), total tannin content (TTC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of crude methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. which is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family Vitaceae and used extensively in ethnomedicine with its significant therapeutic significance. This article also aims to assess chlorogenic acid content in root, stem, and leaf of plant using high profile thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Root, stem, and leaf powder of L. macrophylla were used for extract preparation and quantification. The amount of total alkaloids analyzed by modern method of analysis, total tannin by titrimetric method, the amount of total flavonoids by aluminum chloride assay, and total phenols by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. HPTLC method has been used for quantification of chlorogenic acid. Results: The TAC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf was 0.37%, 0.50%, and 0.52% w/w, respectively, TTC was 2.01%, 1.23%, and 3.67% w/w, respectively. The TFC and TPC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf were 361.67 ± 14.43, 233.33 ± 5.77, and 395 ± 25 mg chrysin equivalent per gram and 243.33 ± 18.01, 232.33 ± 2.31, and 376 ± 8.54 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram, respectively. Chlorogenic acid contents of stem and leaf are 27.24 and 12.21 μg/mg, while root does not show its presence using this method. Conclusion: The results of the study highlighted a potent alkaloid, tannins, flavonoid, phenol, and chlorogenic acid contents in the methanolic extract of L. macrophylla and thus can be used for medicinal purposes as components present in the plant possesses varied biological activities.