Research of operation features of electrode units of high-voltage plasma generators of alternating current, definition of the criteria influencing the electrode lifetime at plasma generator operation on steam

A. Surov, V. Spodobin, R. Ovchinnikov, S. A. Kuschev, S. Lukyanov, V. Shiryaev, V. Kuznetsov
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Abstract

At a modern level of industrial development the problem of waste processing has assumed a new significance. New laws and more strict standards are imposed every year in the majority of countries. Large industrial companies and municipal structures in this situation are forced to invest significant founds in waste destruction. Each year the creation of environmentally friendly technologies of waste treatment gets the increasing investment appeal. Plasmachemical technology is the most perspective technology of waste recycling. It is based on high-temperature plasmachemical action and complete decomposition of utilized products by means of arc plasma with useful product (synthesis-gas) production, which is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon oxide and is a valuable power raw material. One of the requirements to electric arc plasma generators working in plasmachemical installations is a long lifetime of continuous operation. First of all time of continuous operation of the plasma generator is determined by lifetime of its electrode unit. Now it is perspective to use steam as a plasmaforming environment. The idea of steam use as a working body is often put forward as one of alternatives to air plasma. Water has high heat of steam formation successfully combining properties of plasmaforming substance and cooling heat-carrier. Steam is an ideal plasmaforming environment. It is ecological, explosion-proof and available working substance favorably influencing on the ecological conditions in examined gasification processes.The paper depicts the investigation results carried out at development of plasma generators using steam as a plasmaforming environment. Modern methods of manufacturing of electrode materials allow creation of composite materials of complex composition by introduction of more refractory material in a copper matrix. The noticeable increase in life time and decrease in the specific flow rate (wear) of electrode material gives prospect in the further researches and development of new kinds of materials, that at steam application as a working body creates a wide spectrum of use of these high-voltage plasma generators at gasification and pyrolysis plants.
研究了交流高压等离子体发生器电极单元的运行特点,确定了等离子体发生器在蒸汽上运行时影响电极寿命的准则
在现代工业发展水平上,废物处理问题具有新的意义。大多数国家每年都颁布新的法律和更严格的标准。在这种情况下,大型工业公司和市政机构被迫在废物销毁方面投入大量资金。每年,创造环境友好的废物处理技术都受到越来越多的投资吸引力。等离子体技术是目前最有前途的垃圾回收技术。它是以高温等离子体作用为基础,利用电弧等离子体对利用产物进行完全分解,产生有用产物(合成气),是氢和一氧化碳的混合物,是一种有价值的动力原料。在等离子体机械装置中工作的电弧等离子体发生器的要求之一是长寿命的连续运行。首先,等离子体发生器连续工作的时间是由其电极单元的寿命决定的。现在,使用蒸汽作为等离子体形成环境是有前景的。蒸汽作为工作体的想法经常被提出,作为空气等离子体的替代品之一。水具有较高的蒸汽形成热,成功地结合了等离子体形成物质和冷却热载体的特性。蒸汽是理想的等离子体形成环境。它是一种生态、防爆、有效的工质,对所考察的气化过程的生态条件有良好的影响。本文介绍了利用蒸汽作为等离子体形成环境的等离子体发生器研制的研究结果。制造电极材料的现代方法允许通过在铜基体中引入更多的耐火材料来制造复杂成分的复合材料。电极材料寿命的显著增加和比流量(磨损)的显著降低,为进一步研究和开发新型材料提供了前景,在蒸汽作为工作体的应用为这些高压等离子体发生器在气化和热解装置中的广泛应用创造了条件。
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