Avascular necrosis of bone tissue: Definition, epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathogenesis of the disease. Analytical review of the literature

Abstract

Avascular necrosis (AN) of bone tissue is a common pathology that affects people of any age, more often young and able-bodied. The disease leads to rapid destruction of the subchondral bone and collapse, followed by the development of secondary osteoarthritis (OA) of the affected joint.The purpose of this review article is to present the accumulated knowledge about the prevalence of AN, the most commonly affected joints, risk factors and pathogenesis of the disease. Since most of the world’s literature sources present knowledge about the individual parts and facts that make up the pathogenesis of AN, this article analyzes all known paths of the development of the disease from the onset of ischemia to collapse and the development of secondary OA and the pathogenesis is presented in chronological order. Based on the results of the article, a definition of the term AN was proposed, and the stages of the disease within the pathogenesis, the most promising for conservative methods of treatment, were identified.