Metabolic Syndrome – Modern overview of the Problem

Abstract

During the last century the object of discussion between scholars has been the problem of integrated pathology. Published proceedings about this question between 1990–2000 were seldom, and from 2001 until 2010 their amount reached the point of 39 [22]. A condition which is characterized by the presence of several diseases is marked by an appellation “integrated” in academic literature, “multisystimetic” or “combined” pathology, “coexisted” or “associated” diseases and conditions [2–4]. Appellations “comorbidity” – for marking simultaneous affection of two organs, body systems or presence of two diseases; and “multimorbidity” – for marking more than 3 diseases at a time, are used more often in literature sources from English-speaking countries [20, 21]. Nowadays the problem of average increasing proportion of the total incidence of humanity with inveterate non-communicable diseases is being actively discussed. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of these problems that can cause many diseases and has already reached proportions of non-communicable epidemic, “epidemic of the 21 century.” Around one fourth of population in well developed countries appears to have MS [43]. We can definitely call it “civilization disease”. A huge part in its progression is made by urbanization, life style changes that lead to the lack of exercise, high-calorie food consumption and stress increasing. These factors continue constant increasing of arterial hypertension (AH), dislipidemy, adiposis and diabetes mellitus [1]. Patients with MS have 1.5–3 times higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and apoplectic attack [5]. The average percentage of MS symptoms appear, such as disorders of cholesterol metabolism, glucose and high blood pressure, in the patients over 60 years old is 42–43,5 %. The death rate of CHD among these patients is 40% higher, of AH – 2,5–3 times higher, of type 2 diabetes – 4 times higher than among general population. Framingham Heart Study during which 5 thousand people from 18 to 74 years old had been carefully examined, gave a chance to identify – the combination of 3 or more components of MS leads to higher risk of CHD by 2.4 times more for males and 5,9 times more for females [6]. Core components of MS like abdominal obesity, hyperlipemia, insulin resistance (IR) are interdependent from the condition of the digestive system [14, 11, 16, 40]. Patients with MS have lower life quality than healthy men, that can be observed on the lower rate of physical and mental activity among both males and females by 1,5–2 times [7]. The survey which took place in Italy found out that the huge part of children (6–14 years old) has a risk factor for cardiometabolic