Obtaining oligo- and monosaccharides from agroindustrial and agricultural residues using hydrothermal treatments.

Fiorella P. Cárdenas-Toro, Sylvia Alcázar-Alay, T. Forster‐Carneiro, M. Meireles
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引用次数: 34

Abstract

Agricultural and agroindustrial residues are major sources of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch that can be converted into bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, using various chemical and biological methods. These bioactive compounds can be used as raw materials by food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the production of intermediate products and the development of biomaterials by chemical industries. In Brazil, the major industrial residues, which are corn residues, soybean residues, sugarcane bagasse, palm and coconut fibers, and grape and tomato seeds, among others, are produced at a rate of approximately of 600 million tons per year. Thus, the utilization of these residues using sustainable technology is of great interest. Hydrothermal treatment is a green technology that includes autohydrolysis as well as subcritical and supercritical hydrolysis, in which water is used at high pressures and temperatures to recover polysaccharides from complex vegetal matrices. The hydrolytic mechanisms can be improved by changing the ionic product or the polarity and electrical conductivity of water in subcritical and supercritical states. These properties promote the selective dissolution of the starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in the residues. The conversion of starch and hemicellulose into oligosaccharides and monosaccharides is preferentially performed at temperatures of less than 200°C. In contrast, the conversion of cellulose into oligosaccharides is promoted at temperatures greater than 200°C, with the highest amount oligosaccharide formation occurring at close to the critical point. In this article, the main biomass components, the properties of water under subcritical and supercritical conditions, and the latest studies of polysaccharide conversion in biomasses using hydrothermal treatments are reviewed.
利用水热法从农业、工业和农业残留物中提取寡糖和单糖。
农业和农业工业残留物是纤维素、半纤维素和淀粉的主要来源,它们可以通过各种化学和生物方法转化为生物活性化合物,如低聚糖和单糖。这些生物活性化合物可以用作食品、化妆品和制药工业的原料,也可以用于化学工业生产中间产品和开发生物材料。在巴西,主要的工业残留物,包括玉米残留物、大豆残留物、甘蔗渣、棕榈和椰子纤维、葡萄和番茄种子等,以每年约6亿吨的速度生产。因此,利用可持续技术利用这些残留物是非常有趣的。水热处理是一种绿色技术,包括自水解、亚临界和超临界水解,其中水在高压和高温下从复杂的植物基质中回收多糖。通过改变亚临界和超临界状态下的离子产物或水的极性和电导率,可以改善水解机理。这些特性促进了淀粉、半纤维素和纤维素在残渣中的选择性溶解。淀粉和半纤维素转化成寡糖和单糖的最佳温度低于200℃。相比之下,纤维素向低聚糖的转化在高于200℃的温度下得到促进,在接近临界点时形成的低聚糖数量最多。本文综述了生物质的主要成分、亚临界和超临界条件下水的性质以及水热法转化生物质多糖的最新研究进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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