Interplay between copper and cobalt in hematopoiesis and the impact of their deficiency on anemia development

Abstract

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that requires a specific set of blood components to function properly. Blood diseases can result from imbalances or deficiencies in these components. The body has physiological sensors that respond to environmental changes by maintaining elemental homeostasis. A deficiency in one micronutrient can lead to imbalances in others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and interaction of copper, cobalt, and iron in hematopoiesis and to determine the prevalence of anemia in children living in the Aral Sea region.A total of 1120 children and adolescents were examined, and their physical development was measured using anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Hair samples were analyzed to determine the children's micronutrient status. The results revealed that 78% of the children had a decrease in hemoglobin, and anemia was more prevalent in adolescents. A correlation was found between high growth and increased levels of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The study also identified the most common hypomicroelementoses in the Aral Sea region, including copper deficiency in 98.4% of cases, cobalt deficiency in 92.1%, and zinc deficiency in 57.8%.The study also analyzed the ratio of trace elements, revealing an increased Fe/Cu and Fe/Cu ratio in all age groups. Imbalances and deficiencies in copper, cobalt, zinc, and manganese were found to contribute to the development of anemia in children. Hair analysis for trace elements was shown to be significant in the differential diagnosis and treatment of children with anemia.In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of maintaining a proper balance of trace elements in hematopoiesis. Deficiencies in copper, cobalt, zinc, and manganese can contribute to anemia in children, and hair analysis can be used to diagnose and treat the condition. Further research is needed to better understand the role of trace elements in hematopoiesis and their impact on human health.