Adult stem cells of the lung in organ dysfunction

Abstract

A major function of the lung is proper maintenance of gas exchange, with respiration being fundamental to the survival of the organism. Lung adult stem cells (LASCs) are thought to play a key role in tissue formation and repair. However, data on the origin, characteristics, clonality and function of LASCs in restoration are scarce and often contradictory. We discuss the experimental findings and complexities concerning LASCs, and summarize the data. Moreover, based on literature results, we deliberate on the multipotent progenitors which expand and mature into distinct cellular lineages. Understanding the expansion and differentiation of LASCs is beneficial in terms of elucidating the mechanisms of pulmonary regeneration and will potentially lay the foundation for novel therapeutic breakthroughs in lung repair.