3D printed ascending aortic simulators with physiological fidelity for surgical simulation

IF 1.1 Q2 Social Sciences
Ali Alakhtar, A. Emmott, C. Hart, R. Mongrain, R. Leask, K. Lachapelle
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) printed multimaterial ascending aortic simulators were created to evaluate the ability of polyjet technology to replicate the distensibility of human aortic tissue when perfused at physiological pressures. Methods Simulators were developed by computer-aided design and 3D printed with a Connex3 Objet500 printer. Two geometries were compared (straight tube and idealised aortic aneurysm) with two different material variants (TangoPlus pure elastic and TangoPlus with VeroWhite embedded fibres). Under physiological pressure, β Stiffness Index was calculated comparing stiffness between our simulators and human ascending aortas. The simulators’ material properties were verified by tensile testing to measure the stiffness and energy loss of the printed geometries and composition. Results The simulators’ geometry had no effect on measured β Stiffness Index (p>0.05); however, β Stiffness Index increased significantly in both geometries with the addition of embedded fibres (p<0.001). The simulators with rigid embedded fibres were significantly stiffer than average patient values (41.8±17.0, p<0.001); however, exhibited values that overlapped with the top quartile range of human tissue data suggesting embedding fibres can help replicate pathological human aortic tissue. Biaxial tensile testing showed that fiber-embedded models had significantly higher stiffness and energy loss as compared with models with only elastic material for both tubular and aneurysmal geometries (stiffness: p<0.001; energy loss: p<0.001). The geometry of the aortic simulator did not statistically affect the tensile tested stiffness or energy loss (stiffness: p=0.221; energy loss: p=0.713). Conclusion We developed dynamic ultrasound-compatible aortic simulators capable of reproducing distensibility of real aortas under physiological pressures. Using 3D printed composites, we are able to tune the stiffness of our simulators which allows us to better represent the stiffness variation seen in human tissue. These models are a step towards achieving better simulator fidelity and have the potential to be effective tools for surgical training.
3D打印升主动脉模拟器,具有生理逼真度,用于外科模拟
研究人员创建了三维(3D)打印多材料升主动脉模拟器,以评估多射流技术复制人体主动脉组织在生理压力下灌注时的扩张能力。方法采用计算机辅助设计,利用Connex3 Objet500打印机进行三维打印。使用两种不同的材料变体(TangoPlus纯弹性和TangoPlus嵌入VeroWhite纤维)比较了两种几何形状(直管和理想的主动脉瘤)。在生理压力下,将模拟器与人升主动脉的刚度进行比较,计算β刚度指数。通过拉伸测试验证了模拟器的材料性能,以测量打印几何形状和组成的刚度和能量损失。结果模拟器的几何形状对测量的β刚度指数没有影响(p>0.05);然而,随着嵌入纤维的加入,两种几何形状的β刚度指数都显著增加(p<0.001)。植入刚性纤维的模拟器硬度显著高于患者平均值(41.8±17.0,p<0.001);然而,所展示的数值与人体组织数据的前四分位数范围重叠,表明嵌入纤维可以帮助复制病理的人类主动脉组织。双轴拉伸测试表明,无论是管状还是动脉瘤状几何形状,与仅使用弹性材料的模型相比,嵌入纤维的模型具有显著更高的刚度和能量损失(刚度:p<0.001;能量损失:p<0.001)。主动脉模拟器的几何形状对拉伸测试刚度或能量损失没有统计学影响(刚度:p=0.221;能量损失:p=0.713)。结论研制了动态超声兼容主动脉模拟器,能够模拟真实主动脉在生理压力下的扩张。使用3D打印复合材料,我们能够调整模拟器的刚度,这使我们能够更好地代表人体组织中看到的刚度变化。这些模型是朝着实现更好的模拟器保真度迈出的一步,并有可能成为外科训练的有效工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMJ Simulation & Technology Enhanced Learning
BMJ Simulation & Technology Enhanced Learning HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-
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