Composition and Therapeutic Applications of Goat Milk and Colostrum

Abstract

Goats are categorized under the small ruminants which required less fodder and a small area for shelter. Both goat milk (GM) and colostrum (GC) are secreted from the mammary glands of goats. The level of nutritional and bioactive components found to be at an elevated level in colostrum within 72 hours, which reach a normal level as the time increases from parturition. Recently an increased interest in goat milk and colostrum has been seen throughout the world due to the natural exitance of vital components including immunoglobins, growth factors, hormones, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. The compositional parameter of both GM and GC is significantly altered by genetic and environmental factors. The sialic acid is a prime component of goat colostrum which assists in brain development. The small size fat globules of goat milk make it more tolerable and digestible as compared to other milk sources. GM is composed of low level of lactose which can be consumed easily by lactose-intolerant individuals. Different GM and GC-based products viz yogurt, ice cream, infants’ formulas are prepared and commercialized globally. The nutritional components of GM and GC improve overall body growth and development. Where the bioactive components are clinically proven in the prevention and pre-treatment of numerous chronic diseases.