Irreversibility of 2D Linear CA and Garden of Eden

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a pentagonal lattice and we investigate the rule matrix with null boundary condition for two-dimensional cellular automata with the field [Formula: see text] (the set of integers modulo [Formula: see text]) and analyze their characteristics. Moreover, an algorithm of computing the rank of rule matrix with null boundary condition for von Neumann neighborhood is developed. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Garden of Eden configurations for two-dimensional cellular automata are obtained.