Characterization of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Farming Intensities in Liberia

Q4 Environmental Science
Mandela Klon-Yan Hinneh, Mbeva D. Liti, G. Matolla
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fish farming is a rapidly growing food sector in developing nations. Liberia is an example of a least developed country with a large population facing high poverty levels. This has led to the adoption of aquaculture as one of the most important strategies for solving malnutrition and food security problems. However, since the introduction of fish farming, fish yields have been persistently low. To address the shortcomings in fish yields in Liberia, a study was conducted to provide information on fish farming intensities, types, and quality of feeds used by farmers in the culture of O. niloticus in Bong, Lofa, Nimba, and Grande Gedeh counties. Using stratified purposive sampling, 120 farmers were interviewed, and their fish feeds were sampled for proximate nutrient analyses. The results demonstrated that fish farming of O. niloticus in Liberia is mostly semi-extensive (81.6%), mainly practiced in paddy, barrage, and earthen ponds. On average, farmers produce 165.7 kg ha−1 of O. niloticus annually, translating to USD 414.25. Farmers use mixed feeding regimes, comprising farmer-made, kitchen waste, and blended commercial feeds. Farmers, on average, spend 43% of their operation cost on feeds, which makes it unsustainable to maintain semi-intensive systems. The main feed ingredients used by Liberian fish farmers are rice bran, wheat bran, corn, palm kernel, and fishmeal. Crude protein levels in feed ingredients are as follows: rice bran (3.7 ± 1.3%), wheat bran (16.4 ± 1.5%), corn (6.3 ± 1.1%), palm kernel cake (14.8 ± 1.4%), and fishmeal (63.8 ± 1.3%). Crude proteins were low in formulated feeds, ranging from 8–15% CP. From this study, poor yields and the slow growth of O. niloticus can be attributed to low-protein diets, rendering farming ventures unprofitable and unsustainable for resource-poor farmers in Liberia.
利比里亚尼罗罗非鱼养殖强度的特征
在发展中国家,养鱼是一个快速增长的粮食部门。利比里亚是最不发达国家的一个例子,它的大量人口面临着高度贫困。这导致采用水产养殖作为解决营养不良和粮食安全问题的最重要战略之一。然而,自从引进养鱼业以来,鱼类产量一直很低。为了解决利比里亚鱼类产量方面的不足,开展了一项研究,以提供有关邦县、洛法县、宁巴县和大格德县尼罗库斯鱼养殖户养殖强度、饲料种类和质量的信息。采用分层有目的抽样,对120名养殖户进行了访谈,并对他们的鱼饲料进行了取样,以进行近似的营养分析。结果表明:利比里亚niloticus的养殖以半粗放型为主(81.6%),主要在水田、坝地和土塘中进行。农民平均每年生产165.7公斤尼罗僵菌,折合成美元为414.25美元。农民使用混合饲养制度,包括农民自制、厨房垃圾和混合商业饲料。平均而言,农民将43%的运营成本花在饲料上,这使得维持半集约化系统变得不可持续。利比里亚养鱼户使用的主要饲料原料是米糠、麦麸、玉米、棕榈仁和鱼粉。饲料原料中粗蛋白质含量分别为:米糠(3.7±1.3%)、麦麸(16.4±1.5%)、玉米(6.3±1.1%)、棕榈仁饼(14.8±1.4%)、鱼粉(63.8±1.3%)。配方饲料中的粗蛋白质含量较低,约为8-15% CP。从这项研究中可以看出,产量低和niloticus生长缓慢可归因于低蛋白质饲料,使利比里亚资源贫乏的农民的农业企业无利可图且不可持续。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
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