Study of the impact of clicks and murmurs on cardiac sounds S1 and S2 through bispectral analysis

IF 0.7 Q4 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI:10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0009

Y. N. Baakek, Imane Debbal, Hidayat Boudis, S. Debbal

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a study of the impact of clicks, and murmurs on cardiac sound S1, and S2, and the measure of severity degree through synchronization degree between frequencies, using bispectral analysis. The algorithm is applied on three groups of Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal: group A represents PCG signals having a morphology similar to that of the normal PCG signal without click or murmur, group B represents PCG signals with a click (reduced murmur), and group C represent PCG signals with murmurs. The proposed algorithm permits us to evaluate and quantify the relationship between the two sounds S1 and S2 on one hand and between the two sounds, click and murmur on the other hand. The obtained results show that the clicks and murmurs can affect both the heart sounds, and vice versa. This study shows that the heart works in perfect harmony and that the frequencies of sounds S1, S2, clicks, and murmurs are not accidentally generated; but they are generated by the same generator system. It might also suggest that one of the obtained frequencies causes the others. The proposed algorithm permits us also to determine the synchronization degree. It shows high values in group C; indicating high severity degrees, low values for group B, and zero in group A. The algorithm is compared to Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis. Although the STFT can provide correctly the time, it can’t distinguish between the internal components of sounds S1 and S2, which are successfully determined by CWT, which, in turn, cannot find the relationship between them. The algorithm was also evaluated and compared to the energetic ratio. the obtained results show very satisfactory results and very good discrimination between the three groups. We can conclude that the three algorithms (STFT, CWT, and bispectral analysis) are complementary to facilitate a good approach and to better understand the cardiac sounds

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通过双谱分析研究咔哒声和杂音对S1和S2心音的影响

摘要本文采用双谱分析方法研究了咔哒声和杂音对心音S1、S2的影响，并通过频率间的同步度来衡量其严重程度。将该算法应用于三组心音图信号:A组为形态与正常心音图相似，无咔嗒声和杂音的心音图信号，B组为有咔嗒声(杂音减少)的心音图信号，C组为有杂音的心音图信号。本文提出的算法一方面可以评估和量化S1和S2两个声音之间的关系，另一方面可以评估和量化click和杂音之间的关系。结果表明，咔哒声和杂音会同时影响心音，反之亦然。这项研究表明，心脏的工作是完美和谐的，S1、S2、咔哒声和杂音的频率不是偶然产生的;但它们是由同一个发电机系统产生的。这也可能表明，其中一个获得的频率导致了其他频率。该算法还允许我们确定同步度。C组值较高;该算法与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)和连续小波变换(CWT)分析进行了比较。虽然STFT可以正确地提供时间，但它无法区分声音S1和S2的内部分量，而CWT成功地确定了声音S1和S2，而CWT也无法找到它们之间的关系。对该算法进行了评价，并与能量比进行了比较。所得结果显示出非常满意的结果，三组之间有很好的区分。我们可以得出结论，三种算法(STFT, CWT和双谱分析)是互补的，有助于更好地理解心音

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING-

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering (PJMPE) (Online ISSN: 1898-0309; Print ISSN: 1425-4689) is an official publication of the Polish Society of Medical Physics. It is a peer-reviewed, open access scientific journal with no publication fees. The issues are published quarterly online. The Journal publishes original contribution in medical physics and biomedical engineering.