Macular Thickness in Cameroonians Sickle Cell Patients

J. Njoya, G. Koki, O. Cherkaoui
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Abstract

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disease in the world. It is particularly prevalent in Africa south of the Sahara. In Cameroon. Several authors have described morphological changes from the macula to Optical Coherence Tomography-Spectral Domain (SD OCT) including the thinning of the predominant inner layers in the temporal area. Methodology: This is a prospective analytic study. It was conducted mainly at the specialized ophthalmology department of the Army Military Application and Reference Hospital of Yaounde (HMARAY) in Cameroon. Clinical ophthalmologic exam was done and biological parameters (rate of hemoglobin, electrophoretic quantification of S hemoglobin) registered from October 2016 to June 2017.We included: Any AS patient or Cameroonian SS patient who is 20 years of age or older; sickle cell patients AS or SS without intercurrent retinal pathology (strong myopia, diabetic retinopathy, vitreoretinal interface pathology). Results: In our study the average age is 31 years. There is a predominance of female versus male sex ratio H/F=0.56. 84% of eyes had retinal lesions suggestive of non-proliferative retinopathy in the retina. The solar black spots were the most found retinal lesions (66.66%). Lesions were more localized temporally. In the OCT measurement, 60% of the eyes showed a decreased retinal thickness SD with 53% concerning the temporal retina. An hemoglobin level between 7 and 10 g/dl was found in 40% of our patients, 24% has severe anemia (hemoglobin<7 g/dl). All our patients had a percentage of hemoglobin S greater than 80%. No decrease in visual acuity in our patients who had a decrease in retinal thickness at OCT SD. Conclusion: There is a thinning of the retinal layers in SS Cameroonian sickle cell patients in the temporal region of the macula. Patients with retinal thinning are asymptomatic with preserved visual acuity.
喀麦隆镰状细胞病患者的黄斑厚度
镰状细胞病是世界上最常见的遗传性疾病。它在撒哈拉以南的非洲特别普遍。在喀麦隆。一些作者描述了从黄斑到光学相干层析-光谱域(SD OCT)的形态学变化,包括颞区主要内层的变薄。方法:这是一项前瞻性分析研究。主要是在喀麦隆雅温得陆军军事应用和参考医院(HMARAY)专业眼科进行的。于2016年10月至2017年6月进行临床眼科检查,并登记血红蛋白率、S血红蛋白电泳定量等生物学参数。我们纳入:任何年龄在20岁或以上的AS患者或喀麦隆SS患者;无并发视网膜病变(重度近视、糖尿病视网膜病变、玻璃体视网膜界面病变)的镰状细胞患者。结果:本组患者平均年龄为31岁。男女性别比H/F=0.56为优势。84%的眼睛有视网膜病变提示视网膜非增殖性视网膜病变。视网膜病变以太阳黑斑最多(66.66%)。病变多局限于颞部。在OCT测量中,60%的眼睛显示视网膜厚度SD降低,其中53%的眼睛涉及颞视网膜。40%的患者血红蛋白水平在7 - 10g /dl之间,24%有严重贫血(血红蛋白< 7g /dl)。所有患者血红蛋白S百分比均大于80%。在我们的患者中,视网膜厚度在OCT SD上下降的患者视力没有下降。结论:SS喀麦隆镰状细胞患者黄斑颞区视网膜层变薄。视网膜变薄的患者无症状,视力保留。
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