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Abstract

Hydraulic systems used in mechanisms and machines are intended for mechanical movements: load lifting, material pressing, moving of working bodies, etc. Mineral oils with low viscosity are used in them as working fluids. Such liquids include food products (honey, molasses, tar, minced meat, dough, pasta, creams, starches), construction materials (clay, cement, sealant), petroleum products, etc. which are found in chemical and textile, wine and bakery, cosmetic and confectionery, dairy and paintwork, construction industry and many other areas of activity. At the same time, hydraulic systems are used in various sectors of the national economy, which are designed for pumping or transporting a high-viscosity working fluid. However, description of such hydraulic systems, their classification, specific features of the devices of which they consist, has yet received insufficient attention. In this regard, this paper provides a classification of hydraulic systems for pumping and transporting highly viscous liquids, a description of their composition, main types of pumps and devices for controlling and performing technological tasks widely used in various industries. It is shown that all pumps used for these purposes can be divided into two groups: dynamic and volumetric. The paper presents schemes of devices, a brief description and operational principle of pumps used for these purposes. The executed analysis has shown that an operation of hydraulic systems for pumping highly viscous liquids necessitates further study of their characteristics, as well as development of methods for calculation and design.