Adaptive immune response in patients with atherosclerosis before and after coronary bypass surgery

Abstract

Objective: to assess changes in the immune status before and after coronary bypass surgery. Materials and methods: included 70 male patients with coronary atherosclerosis (group 1) and 30 volunteers (group 2) without signs of coronary artery disease comparable in age to group 1. Immunity parameters were studied before surgery, after 4–5, 9–10 and 28–30 days by the method of phenotyping of CD3+ populations; CD3+CD4+; CD3+CD8+; CD3+CD25+; CD3+CD45+; CD3+CD95+; CD4+CD25+; CD4+CD154+; CD19+, CD19+CD40+. The levels of Ig A, M, G were assessed by the method of radial immunodiffusion in the gel. Serum precipitation in polyethylene glycol was used to determine circulating immune complexes. Statistical analysis of the study results was performed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoft, USA). Statistical significance was considered significant at p<0.05. Results: in patients of the IHD group, uncoupling of the processes of T-lymphocyte activation, their maturation and apoptosis was noted; suppression of immunoregulation and activation of intercellular cooperation. After CABG, in dynamics, these processes reflect the multidirectional changes. Conclusions: in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, there is a discoordination of the processes of T-lymphocyte activation, their maturation and apoptosis. Suppression of immunoregulation and activation of intercellular cooperation. In the dynamics after CABG, immunity parameters differ in different directions in different periods of observation and demonstrate different degrees of involvement of adaptive mechanisms of immune defense.