The influence of systemic inflammatory markers on the development of obstetrical complications in pregnant women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the female half of the population is the reason for the increased interest of scientists in the course of COPD and its impact on pregnant women. At the same time, the chronic lung inflammatory process leads to the development of obstetrical and perinatal complications during pregnancy. The aim of our study is to establish the features of changes in the cytokine profile in pregnant women with COPD and their role in the development of obstetrical and perinatal complications. Materials and methods. 77 pregnant women with clinically and instrumentally verified signs of COPD were examined, who were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the degree of bronchial obstruction: IA – 43 pregnant women with FEV1 ≥80 %, IB – 34 pregnant women with FEV1 50–79 %. The control group consisted of 27 healthy pregnant women. The cytokine profile was determined and a correlational interaction with the degree of bronchial obstruction and the frequency of obstetrical and perinatal complications was established. Results. Our analysis of cytokine profile indicators in pregnant women with COPD at the stage of mild and moderate bronchoobstruction has shown a characteristic and significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and a simultaneous decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 (P ≤ 0.05). Dysregulation of the inflammatory response in COPD in pregnant women became the main basis for the development of obstetrical and perinatal complications. We have established that an increase in the degree of bronchoobstruction was also associated with a higher detection frequency of such pregnancy and childbirth complications as anemia by 3.1 times, the threat of preterm birth by 9 times, preeclampsia by 7 times, placental dysfunction by 3.4 times, intrauterine growth restriction by 8 times, premature birth by 3.5 times, premature rupture of membranes during labor by 4 times, and fetal distress by 3 times. Conclusions. In pregnant women with COPD, an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines – IL-1β (rI = -0.81, rII = -0.67), IL-6 (rI = -0.88, rII = -0.78), IL-8, TNF-α was found to be directly proportional to the degree of bronchial obstruction, and inversely proportional level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 (rI = 0.80, rII = 0.86), which can be an early prognostic criterion for the development of obstetrical and perinatal complications.