Subjective of Brain Stem

Samy I McFarlane
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Abstract

The midbrain (mesencephalon) contains the atomic complex of the oculomotor nerve just as the trochlear core; these cranial nerves innervate muscles that move the eye and control the state of the focal point and the breadth of the student. Also, between the midbrain reticular arrangement (referred to here as the tegmentum) and the crus cerebri is a huge pigmented core called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra comprises of two sections, the standards reticulata and the standards compacta. Cells of the standards compacta contain the dim shade melanin; these cells integrate dopamine and undertaking to either the caudate core or the putamen. By restraining the activity of huge aspiny striatal neurons in the caudate core and the putamen (depicted above in the segment Basal ganglia), the dopaminergic cells of the standards compacta impact the yield of the synapse GABA from prickly striatal neurons. The prickly neurons thus task to the cells of the standards reticulata, which, by extending strands to the thalamus, are important for the yield arrangement of the corpus striatum. At the caudal midbrain, crossed filaments of the predominant cerebellar peduncle (the significant yield arrangement of the cerebellum) encompass and halfway end in a huge midway found construction known as the red core. Most crossed rising filaments of this pack undertaking to thalamic cores, which approach the essential engine cortex. Fewer filaments neural connection on huge cells in caudal locales of the red core; these lead to the crossed strands of the rubrospinal plot (see the part The spinal rope: Descending spinal lots). The rooftop plate of the midbrain is shaped by two combined adjusted swellings, the unrivaled and mediocre colliculi. The unrivaled colliculus gets contribution from the retina and the visual cortex and takes part in an assortment of visual reflexes, especially the following of items in the contralateral visual field. The mediocre colliculus gets both crossed and uncrossed hear-able filaments and undertakings upon the average geniculate body, the hear-able hand-off core of the thalamus
脑干主观性
中脑(中脑)包含动眼神经的原子复合体,就像滑车核一样;这些脑神经支配着眼球运动的肌肉,控制着焦点的状态和瞳孔的宽度。此外,在中脑网状结构(这里称为被盖)和大脑底部之间是一个巨大的色素核心,称为黑质。黑实质包括两部分,网状标准和紧凑标准。标准致密细胞含有暗色黑色素;这些细胞将多巴胺和神经整合到尾状核或壳核。通过抑制尾状核和壳核中巨大的刺状纹状体神经元的活动(如上基底神经节段所示),标准致密的多巴胺能细胞影响刺状纹状体神经元突触GABA的产量。因此,多刺神经元的任务是标准网状细胞,这些细胞通过延伸到丘脑,对纹状体的产出安排很重要。在中脑尾部,主要的小脑脚(小脑的重要产出结构)的交叉细丝包围并在中间形成一个巨大的中间结构,称为红核。大多数交叉的上升细丝向靠近基本引擎皮层的丘脑核行进。红核尾侧大细胞上丝状神经连接较少;这些导致了交叉股的脊髓束(见部分脊髓:下行脊髓束)。中脑的屋顶板是由两个组合调整的肿胀形成的,无与伦比的和平庸的丘顶。无与伦比的脑丘得到视网膜和视觉皮层的贡献,并参与各种视觉反射,特别是对侧视野中的以下项目。普通丘上有交叉的和未交叉的可听纤维,在普通膝状体上,也就是丘脑的可听传递核心
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