Estrategias de mejora de la fertilidad: preservación, rejuvenecimiento y células madre

Abstract

Currently, many women see their reproductive potential reduced. On the one hand, socio-cultural changes have led to the postponement of motherhood with the consequent negative effects that advanced age has on the ovarian reserve. On the other hand, the increase in the incidence of cancer together with the numerous advances made in antineoplastic therapies have allowed many of the oncological patients to survive. As a result, many women show difficulties in carrying out their reproductive plans. In addition to this percentage of the female population, there are those who, for various reasons, experience early menopause. In this way, a new clinical focus is established whose common point lies in the presence of a diminished ovarian reserve which, therefore, does not respond adequately to hormonal stimulation. For this reason, and after demonstrating the existence of a residual ovarian reserve that can be recovered, new ovarian rejuvenation protocols are being developed that focus on the recovery of those sleeping follicles. Due to this alteration in ovarian function and the low follicular reserve of these patients, the application of current strategies for the preservation of fertility is not efficient. Therefore, in vitro follicular activation techniques and infusion of bone marrow-derived stem cells have been developed as new alternatives to improve follicular development in this type of patient.