New strategies for the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: target the metabolic reprogramming

Abstract

For the last decade, the incidence of kidney neoplasms has shown an obvious rising trend in the world. The most common histopathological type of kidney neoplasms is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which has a poor prognosis. ccRCC is generally accompanied by reprogramming of glucose, fatty acid, glutamine, tryptophan and arginine metabolic networks and pathways. Reprogramming of metabolic networks and pathways enables tumor cells to proliferate rapidly, survive in conditions of nutrient depletion and hypoxia, and escape surveillance by epidemic systems. New strategies have been developed to the treatment of ccRCC by targeting key proteins or enzymes involved in metabolic reprogramming pathways. Key words: Kidney neoplasms; Metabolic networks and pathways; Therapy