Bioassay as a method of integral assessment for remediation of oil-contaminated ecosystems

IF 0.5 Q4 ECOLOGY

Theoretical and Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.25750/1995-4301-2022-1-034-043

E. Morachevskaya, L. Voronina

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The development of new technologies and improvement of existing ones for the restoration of oil-contaminated lands, the neutralization and disposal of oil drilling waste are important measures to solve environmental problems. Bioassay is successfully used to determine the danger of pollution of environmental objects by oil and oil industry wastes. With the help of biotests, it is possible to assess the state of contaminated objects, which is not always possible to do by chemicalanalytical methods, considering the complex chemical composition of petroleum hydrocarbons. An analytical review confirms the need to develop a biotesting system to assess the state of ecosystem components in the event of oil pollution and to determine the effectiveness of measures to restore them. Taking into account the nature of the pollution, presented in the article by a number of provisions on the chemical characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons and the duration of the recovery processes, bioassay should be carried out at each stage of the reclamation process, in dynamics. Determination of the degree of neutralization of contaminated objects consists in a step-by-step transfer of the hazard level from a higher class to a lower one. Bioassay, in this case, remains a mandatory method for determining the total toxicity. In the course of sample preparation for biotesting, it is advisable to consider the possibility of increasing the bioavailability of hydrocarbon components. A prerequisite for the use of biotesting is the use of eluate and contact approaches. The main methods that can be included in the abbreviated scheme for determining the efficiency of remediation of oil-contaminated objects can be considered the method of biotesting using hydrobionts in the eluate (water extract) and phytotesting performed using the contact and eluate approaches. The battery of biological tests included in the extended scheme should be developed taking into account the specific case, taking into account the specifics of the ecosystem components, soil and climatic conditions, the methods of reclamation used, etc. The strategy for the development of biotesting is closely related to the solution of issues on the assessment of the real danger of oil pollution and the neutralization of oil drilling waste, which are among the priority ones.

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生物测定法作为石油污染生态系统修复的综合评价方法

开发新技术和改进现有技术，恢复石油污染土地，中和和处置石油钻井废弃物，是解决环境问题的重要措施。生物测定法已成功地用于测定石油和石油工业废物对环境物体污染的危险性。在生物试验的帮助下，可以评估受污染物体的状态，而考虑到石油碳氢化合物的复杂化学成分，化学分析方法并不总是能够做到这一点。一项分析性审查确认需要开发一种生物测试系统，以便在发生石油污染时评估生态系统组成部分的状态，并确定恢复它们的措施的有效性。考虑到文章中关于石油碳氢化合物的化学特性和回收过程持续时间的一些规定所提出的污染性质，应在回收过程的每个阶段动态地进行生物测定。确定受污染物体的中和程度包括逐步将危害等级从较高等级转移到较低等级。在这种情况下，生物测定法仍然是确定总毒性的强制性方法。在生物测试样品制备过程中，建议考虑提高碳氢化合物组分生物利用度的可能性。使用生物检测的先决条件是使用洗脱法和接触法。在确定油污染物体的修复效率的简化方案中可以包括的主要方法可以被认为是在洗脱液(水提取物)中使用水生生物的生物测试方法和使用接触和洗脱液方法进行的植物测试方法。应考虑到具体情况，考虑到生态系统组成部分的具体情况、土壤和气候条件、所使用的复垦方法等，制定扩展计划中包括的一系列生物试验。生物试验的发展战略与解决石油污染的实际危险性评价和石油钻井废弃物的中和问题密切相关，这是优先考虑的问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Theoretical and Applied Ecology ECOLOGY-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

80.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The aim of issuing the journal “Theoretical and Applied Ecology” is informational support of fundamental and applied research conducted on regional, federal and international level in the sphere of ecologically safe development of industry, preserving the mineral resources and biosphere sustainability, as well as of a well-though way of consumption of natural resources. The journal sets a very important task – to put together theoretical and applied issues of Ecology and Nature Management, uniting the creative potential of those people and organizations which are interested in preserving the nature and providing ecological safety. The articles published in the journal generalize the most contemporary experience of certain organization and specialists in the sphere of nature management. The journal lets a wide range of readers, scientists, representatives of legislative and executive branches get to know the research results. One of the main tasks of the editorial board of the journal consists in increasing the quality of the journal and to inform people of the journal with the help of the Map of Science of Russia: through increasing the amount of scientific reviews dealing with the most topical spheres of Ecology, ecological safety, effective nature management, through publishing articles of the authors most ofter referred to, striving to being indexed in international databases in accordance with all the international standards and requirements of the citation indexes Scopus and/or Web of Science, inclusion of the journal in these informational databases and of the basis of agents of other electronic resources.