A Review of Black Skin Research: Gloger Rule/Theory Dead or Alive?

Sylvain K. Cibangu
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Unlike various topics of human life that recurringly naggingly preoccupy scholars, black skin tends to be considered by prestigious biology and science publication outlets as a closed and disposed-of topic. The present paper is not one of experiment, but rather the paper is a long-due comprehensive review of black skin scholarship, using a dominant theory of this scholarship, and suggesting newer insights for future research. Known since Antiquity, black skin -- euphemistically called dark sin -- has become the topic of repeated public debate in recent decades. Part of the reason is that although race is believed to be scientifically nonexistent skin color is not. Meanwhile, among the theories explaining black skin, Gloger rule/theory stands out to be the most popular. While multitudes of reviews have examined Gloger theory, few have confronted the theory with the arguments of Gloger himself. This might be because Gloger writings remain untranslated and unknown to English readership. Although Gloger was an ornithologist by profession, his arguments had immense ramifications far beyond the study of birds. The present paper focused on the key arguments of Gloger to present a critical assessment of black skin materials. To this effect, a comprehensive, historical background of Gloger theory was used along with recent research to bring in sharper relief Gloger teachings about skin color. In light of Gloger critiques, it was determined that Gloger theory is no less than inadequate and so is the description of black skin as a product of natural selection. Taken-for-granted theories and resultant arguments of black skin were reversed and paths for future skin color work were proposed. Gloger arguments highlight variability among species and across latitudes.
黑皮肤研究综述:格洛格规则/理论是死是活?
与学者们反复困扰的各种人类生活话题不同,黑皮肤往往被著名的生物学和科学出版物视为一个封闭和废弃的话题。本文不是一篇实验论文,而是一篇期待已久的对黑皮肤学术的全面回顾,使用了该学术的主导理论,并为未来的研究提出了新的见解。自古以来,人们就知道黑皮肤——委婉地称为黑罪——近几十年来一直是公众辩论的话题。部分原因是,尽管种族被认为是科学上不存在的,但肤色却不是。与此同时,在解释黑皮肤的理论中,格洛格法则/理论最为流行。虽然有大量的评论对格洛格理论进行了检验,但很少有人用格洛格本人的观点来反驳这一理论。这可能是因为格洛格的作品一直未被翻译,不为英国读者所知。虽然格洛格的职业是鸟类学家,但他的观点产生的巨大影响远远超出了鸟类的研究范围。本论文集中在Gloger的关键论点上,提出了对黑皮肤材料的批判性评估。为了达到这个效果,格洛格理论的一个全面的历史背景与最近的研究一起被使用,以更清晰地缓解格洛格关于肤色的教导。根据格洛格的批评,人们认为格洛格理论是不充分的,把黑皮肤描述为自然选择的产物也是不充分的。对黑皮肤想当然的理论和由此产生的争论进行了反驳,并提出了未来肤色研究的路径。格洛格的论点强调了物种之间和纬度之间的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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