Cognitive and social delays in the initiation of conversational repair

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Dialogue and Discourse Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.5210/dad.2021.102

J. Mertens, J. D. Ruiter

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

The exact timing of a conversational turn conveys important information to a listener. Most turns are initiated within 250ms after the previous turn. However, interlocutors take longer to initiate certain types of turns: those that either require more cognitive processing or are socially dispreferred. Many dispreferred turns are also cognitively demanding, so it is difficult to attribute specific conversational delays to social or cognitive mechanisms. In this paper, we evaluate the relative contribution of cognitive and social variables to the timing of utterances in conversation. We focus on a type of turn that is socially dispreferred, cognitively demanding, and generally delayed: other-initiations of repair (OIRs). OIRs occur when a listener notices and decides to signal a comprehension problem (e.g., "What?"). We analyzed the Floor Transfer Offsets of 456 OIRs, and found that interlocutors initiated OIRs later when trouble sources had weaker discourse context or were shorter, and when the OIR was more face-threatening. Our results suggest that both cognitive and social variables contribute to the timing of delayed utterances in conversation. We discuss how attention, prediction, planning, and social preference manifest in the timing of turns.

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会话修复启动的认知和社会延迟

对话转折的准确时机向听者传达了重要信息。大多数回合是在前一个回合后250毫秒内开始的。然而，对话者需要更长的时间来启动某些类型的回合:这些回合要么需要更多的认知处理，要么不受社会欢迎。许多不喜欢的回合也需要认知，因此很难将特定的会话延迟归因于社会或认知机制。在本文中，我们评估了认知和社会变量对对话中话语时间的相对贡献。我们关注的是一种社会不喜欢的、认知要求高的、通常延迟的转向:其他启动修复(OIRs)。当听众注意到并决定发出理解问题的信号(例如，“什么?”)时，就会出现oir。我们分析了456个OIR的地板转移偏移，发现当麻烦来源话语语境较弱或较短，以及当OIR更具威胁性时，对话者会更晚发起OIR。我们的研究结果表明，认知和社会变量都对谈话中延迟话语的时间有贡献。我们讨论了注意、预测、计划和社会偏好如何在转弯的时机中表现出来。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Dialogue and Discourse Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： D&D seeks previously unpublished, high quality articles on the analysis of discourse and dialogue that contain -experimental and/or theoretical studies related to the construction, representation, and maintenance of (linguistic) context -linguistic analysis of phenomena characteristic of discourse and/or dialogue (including, but not limited to: reference and anaphora, presupposition and accommodation, topicality and salience, implicature, ---discourse structure and rhetorical relations, discourse markers and particles, the semantics and -pragmatics of dialogue acts, questions, imperatives, non-sentential utterances, intonation, and meta--communicative phenomena such as repair and grounding) -experimental and/or theoretical studies of agents'' information states and their dynamics in conversational interaction -new analytical frameworks that advance theoretical studies of discourse and dialogue -research on systems performing coreference resolution, discourse structure parsing, event and temporal -structure, and reference resolution in multimodal communication -experimental and/or theoretical results yielding new insight into non-linguistic interaction in -communication -work on natural language understanding (including spoken language understanding), dialogue management, -reasoning, and natural language generation (including text-to-speech) in dialogue systems -work related to the design and engineering of dialogue systems (including, but not limited to: -evaluation, usability design and testing, rapid application deployment, embodied agents, affect detection, -mixed-initiative, adaptation, and user modeling). -extremely well-written surveys of existing work. Highest priority is given to research reports that are specifically written for a multidisciplinary audience. The audience is primarily researchers on discourse and dialogue and its associated fields, including computer scientists, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, roboticists, sociologists.