Technology to support autonomy in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative pathology, which selectively affects motor neurons of the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, which involves progressive muscle atrophy and weakening of skeletal muscles, spasticity and pyramidal signs, dysarthria, dysphagia and dyspnea. The routine, the normal daily life is completely altered and the impact does not only concern the patient, but the entire personal environment of the patient. In fact, the problems that arise gradually lead the patient to not be able to make any movement in an active and voluntary way and to no longer be able to express himself through verbal communication. Inevitably these deficit aspects also involve the participation and autonomy of the subject, which are increasingly limited in time. The aim of the following study is to demonstrate the validity of the technology as a useful tool for maintaining autonomy in ALS patients. The evaluation, choice and supply of technological devices customized according to the individual needs of the user and his physical and social environment is, in most cases, the most useful and functional solution to improve the quality of life of the patient and those around him. Tools such as electronic wheelchairs and/or eye-controlled communicators can increase the autonomy and participation of the individual, reducing the care burden and allowing the expression of needs, thoughts, social roles and future wills.