Use and repeatability of 3D light scanning to measure transverse dorsal profile size and symmetry in the thoracic region in horses

IF 0.6 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Comparative Exercise Physiology Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI:10.3920/cep220016

G. Tabor, D. Marlin, J.M. Williams

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Abstract

Equine epaxial muscle size, thoracolumbar profile and symmetry in horses is of clinical interest due to relationships with pain and pathology. Flexible-curve rulers have previously been used to gather reliable, objective measures of thoracic profile, however, 3D light-scanning offers a potential non-contact alternative method to estimate cross sectional area (CSA) of the region. 3D light-scans of the thoracic epaxial region were taken from ten endurance horses (7 geldings, 3 mares; 8±2 years). Total CSA of the combined epaxial musculature, using computer software, was calculated at scapula and T18 levels (depth: 15 cm). Intra and inter-rater (n=3) reliability of CSA measurements was assessed using Friedman’s analyses and post-hoc Wilcoxon rank tests (three repeated measures). Intraclass correlation estimates (ICC ± 95% confidence intervals (CI)) were calculated (mean-rating, absolute-agreement, 2-way mixedeffects model). Paired t-tests assessed differences between right and left areas. No significant differences existed for transverse plane-cuts (scapula, T18 P>0.05) between light-scans. Right and left areas were significantly different at the withers (P=0.012) with the left side larger in 70% of scans, but no significant differences were found between sides at T18. No differences existed for different plane-cuts of the same horse (P=0.53; ICC: 0.76; CIs: 0.43-0.92). While reliability was reduced between all raters (P=0.02; ICC: 0.70; CIs: 0.56-0.82), no significant differences occurred between two different assessors experienced in using the software (P=0.88; ICC: 0.90; CIs: 0.82-0.95). Intra-rater reliability for assessing thoracic profile and inter-rater reliability ICC values with experienced analysts was interpreted as good/excellent. The results suggest 3D light-scanning is an objective, non-invasive method to record size and symmetry of the epaxial region in horses and warrants validity testing against current measurement methods such as the flexible-curve ruler.

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使用和可重复性三维光扫描测量横向背廓尺寸和对称性在胸部区域的马

马的外轴肌大小，胸腰椎轮廓和对称性由于与疼痛和病理的关系而引起临床兴趣。柔性曲线尺以前被用于收集可靠、客观的胸廓测量，然而，3D光扫描提供了一种潜在的非接触式替代方法来估计该区域的横截面积(CSA)。对10匹耐力马(7匹公马，3匹母马;8±2年)。利用计算机软件计算肩胛骨和T18水平(深度:15 cm)联合外轴肌的总CSA。使用Friedman分析和事后Wilcoxon秩检验(三个重复测量)评估CSA测量的内部和内部(n=3)信度。计算类内相关估计(ICC±95%置信区间(CI))(平均评分、绝对一致、双向混合效应模型)。配对t检验评估了左右脑区的差异。横切面切口(肩胛骨，T18 P>0.05)在光扫描间无显著差异。右侧和左侧在肩胛骨处有显著差异(P=0.012)，左侧在70%的扫描中较大，但在T18处两侧无显著差异。同一匹马不同平面切口间差异无统计学意义(P=0.53;国际刑事法庭:0.76;独联体:0.43 - -0.92)。而所有评分者之间的信度降低(P=0.02;国际刑事法庭:0.70;ci: 0.56-0.82)，在使用该软件的两名不同的评估者之间没有显著差异(P=0.88;国际刑事法庭:0.90;独联体:0.82 - -0.95)。由经验丰富的分析师评估胸部轮廓的内部可靠性和内部可靠性ICC值被解释为良好/优秀。结果表明，三维光扫描是一种客观的、非侵入性的方法，可以记录马的外轴区域的大小和对称性，并且值得与当前的测量方法(如柔性曲线尺)进行有效性测试。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Comparative Exercise Physiology VETERINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： ''Comparative Exercise Physiology'' is the only international peer-reviewed scientific journal specifically dealing with the latest research in exercise physiology across all animal species, including humans. The major objective of the journal is to use this comparative approach to better understand the physiological, nutritional, and biochemical parameters that determine levels of performance and athletic achievement. Core subjects include exercise physiology, biomechanics, gait (including the effect of riders in equestrian sport), nutrition and biochemistry, injury and rehabilitation, psychology and behaviour, and breeding and genetics. This comparative and integrative approach to exercise science ultimately highlights the similarities as well as the differences between humans, horses, dogs, and other athletic or non-athletic species during exercise. The result is a unique forum for new information that serves as a resource for all who want to understand the physiological challenges with exercise.