SmartOrch: an adaptive orchestration system for human-machine collectives

Michael Rovatsos, Dimitrios I. Diochnos, Z. Wen, S. Ceppi, Pavlos Andreadis
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Web-based collaborative systems, where most computation is performed by human collectives, have distinctly different requirements from traditional workflow orchestration systems, as humans have to be mobilised to perform computations and the system has to adapt to their collective behaviour at runtime. In this paper, we present a social orchestration system called SmartOrch, which has been designed specifically for collective adaptive systems in which human participation is at the core of the overall distributed computation. SmartOrch provides a flexible and customisable workflow composition framework that has multi-level optimisation capabilities. These features allow us to manage the uncertainty that collective adaptive systems need to deal with in a principled way. We demonstrate the benefits of SmartOrch with simulation experiments in a ridesharing domain. Our experiments show that SmartOrch is able to respond flexibly to variation in collective human behaviour, and to adapt to observed behaviour at different levels. This is accomplished by learning how to propose and route human-based tasks, how to allocate computational resources when managing these tasks, and how to adapt the overall interaction model of the platform based on past performance. By proposing novel, solid engineering principles for these kinds of systems, SmartOrch addresses shortcomings of previous work that mostly focused on application-specific, non-adaptive solutions.
SmartOrch:人机集体的自适应编排系统
基于web的协作系统,其中大多数计算是由人类集体执行的,与传统的工作流编排系统有着明显不同的需求,因为人类必须被动员起来执行计算,而系统必须在运行时适应他们的集体行为。在本文中,我们提出了一个名为SmartOrch的社会编排系统,它是专门为集体适应系统设计的,在集体适应系统中,人类的参与是整个分布式计算的核心。SmartOrch提供了一个灵活的、可定制的工作流组合框架,具有多层次的优化能力。这些特性使我们能够管理集体适应系统需要以有原则的方式处理的不确定性。我们通过拼车领域的仿真实验证明了SmartOrch的优点。我们的实验表明,SmartOrch能够灵活地响应人类集体行为的变化,并适应不同层次的观察行为。这是通过学习如何提出和路由基于人工的任务、如何在管理这些任务时分配计算资源、以及如何根据过去的性能调整平台的整体交互模型来实现的。通过为这类系统提出新颖、可靠的工程原理,SmartOrch解决了以往工作中主要侧重于特定应用、非自适应解决方案的缺点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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