Cumulative potential and half-life of [imazapic + imazapyr] in lowland soils of Rio Grande Do Sul grown with clearfield® rice

Abstract

Abstract The objectives of this study were to estimate the residual and half-life of [imazapic + imazapyr] and to infer on the impact of these residuals over time. The first experiment comprised the application of [imazapic + imazapyr] to Clearfield® rice. On the following summer cropping season (365 days later), undeformed soil samples 0-5 cm depth were collected and seeds of six species or varieties were sown as bioindicators of residuals (experiment 2), being assessed plant height and dry mass 20 days after emergence start. The third experiment comprised the cultivation of the same species submitted to ten increasing herbicide doses (0-280 g ha−1) to establish standard response curves, also assessing plant height and dry mass 20 days after emergence start. About 2.1-5.8% of the applied imazapic remains in soil after one year, for the label doses. Imazapyr was considered to be at negligible doses as its half-life is short, and less than 0.0000001% of the applied dose is expected to be in soil 365 days later. The expected imazapic half-life in lowland areas of Southern Brazil is longer than for dryland, being estimated as between 63 and 77 days (95% confidence interval), contrasting to the 60 days half-life previously estimated for dryland soils.