Inequality Measurement and The Rich: Why Inequality Increased More Than We Thought

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI:10.1111/roiw.12638

F. Cowell, Emmanuel Flachaire

引用次数: 9

Abstract

Many standard inequality measures can be written as ratios with the mean in the denominator. When one income moves away from equality, both the numerator and the denominator may vary in the same direction and such indices may decrease. This anomalous behaviour is not shared by median-normalised inequality measures developed in this paper, where the mean at the denominator is replaced by the median. However, median-normalised inequality measures do not respect the principle of transfers. We show that the absolute Gini and the mean logarithmic deviation, or second Theil index, are the only measures that both avoid anomalous behaviour when one income is varied and also satisfy the principle of transfers. An application shows that the increase in inequality in the United States over recent decades is understated by the Gini index and that the mean logarithmic deviation index should be preferred in practice.

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不平等测量与富人:为什么不平等的增长比我们想象的要多

许多标准的不等式度量可以写成以平均值为分母的比率。当一种收入偏离平等时，分子和分母都可能朝着同一方向变化，这些指数可能会下降。本文中开发的中位数归一化不等式测量方法不具有这种异常行为，其中分母的平均值被中位数取代。然而，中位数归一化的不平等衡量并不尊重转移原则。我们表明，绝对基尼系数和平均对数偏差，即第二泰尔指数，是唯一既能避免一种收入变化时的异常行为，又能满足转移原则的指标。一项应用表明，基尼指数低估了美国近几十年来不平等程度的增加，在实践中应首选平均对数偏差指数。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.