Somatic embryogenesis induction of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) from leaves of mature trees

Aboshama H.M, El-Sayed G.A., Al-Dremly N.I
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Abstract

Induction and development somatic embryos of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) from leaflet explants obtained from mature litchi trees were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the cultivar, plant growth regulators, position of leaflet and orientation of leaf explants. Adaxial-face up orientation of leaf explants significantly enhanced embryogenesis in comparison with adaxial-face down orientation. Maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained using median position from basal leaflet with adaxial-face up orientation cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (37.67). Two types of salts media (MS and Gamborg’s B5) as well as different sucrose concentrations were examined for development and maturation of somatic embryos. MS salts medium with 45g/l sucrose was effective on size of mature somatic embryos (8.00 > 0.5 cm SE and 6.33 < 0.5 cm SE) compared with B5 salts medium (4.33 > 0.5 cm SE and 4.66 < 0.5 cm SE) on the same concentration of sucrose. Development of somatic embryos occurred on the media without growth regulators, heart and torpedo stage somatic embryos were obtained. Somatic embryos enlarged more and turned to milky opaque in color and finally reached to mature milky cotyledonary stage. Scanning electron microscopy revealed different morphological development of somatic embryos. In addition, Anatomical observation showed differences in the embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. Furthermore, anatomical observation for development stages of somatic embryos.
成熟果树叶片诱导荔枝(litchi chinensis Sonn.)体细胞胚胎发生
研究了成熟荔枝树小叶外植体诱导和发育荔枝(litchi chinensis Sonn。体细胞胚胎发生受品种、植物生长调节剂、小叶位置和叶片外植体取向的影响显著。叶片正面朝上的外植体比正面朝下的外植体更能促进胚的发生。在添加1.0 mg/l 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)和0.5 mg/l 6-苄基氨基嘌氨酸(BA)(37.67)的Murashige和Skoog (MS)培养基上,以近轴面朝上的基部小叶为中位培养体胚数量最多。研究了两种盐培养基(MS和Gamborg’s B5)以及不同浓度蔗糖对体细胞胚发育成熟的影响。在相同蔗糖浓度下,MS盐(含45g/l蔗糖)培养基对成熟体细胞胚的大小(8.00 > 0.5 cm SE和6.33 < 0.5 cm SE)优于B5盐(4.33 > 0.5 cm SE和4.66 < 0.5 cm SE)。体细胞胚在无生长调节剂的培养基上发育,获得心脏期和鱼雷期体细胞胚。体胚进一步增大,呈乳白色,颜色不透明,最终达到成熟乳白色子叶期。扫描电镜显示体胚形态发育的不同。此外,解剖观察显示胚性细胞和非胚性细胞存在差异。此外,体细胞胚胎发育阶段的解剖观察。
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