Real World Fuel Consumption and Emissions From LDVs and HDVs

IF 2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Konstantin Weller, S. Lipp, Martin Röck, C. Matzer, Andreas Bittermann, S. Hausberger
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

Real world emission and energy consumption behavior from vehicles is a key element for meeting air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) targets for any country. While CO2 fleet targets for vehicles are defined on basis of standardized test procedures, in real driving conditions manifold parameters show large variabilities. Main differences are Driving cycle Vehicle loading and driving resistances Ambient temperature levels, start conditions and trip length Gear shift behavior of the drivers Power demand from auxiliaries Fuel quality For the upcoming update of the Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA 4.1) we have performed analysis, measurements and simulations to elaborate real world energy consumption values for 2-wheelers, passenger cars (PC), light commercial vehicles (LCVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs), so called emission factors (EF). EFs show fuel consumption or emission level in [g/km] and [#/km] for fuel, gaseous exhaust gas components and also for the particle number (PN). EFs are provided for a lot of different traffic situations covering stop & go up to highway for different road gradient categories. EFs are different for each vehicle category and for each powertrain technology and emission standard (from EURO 0 gasoline PC to EURO VI HDV with CNG engine). To produce the EFs, vehicle tests from chassis dyno and from on-board measurements were collected in all European labs to set up models for all vehicle segments in the passenger cars and heavy duty emission model (PHEM). The models for PC and LCVs were based on weight and road load data available from the type approval test, the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP), and then calibrated in a stepwise approach to consider all influences in real world driving. Finally, the results for new vehicle fleet fuel consumption values were compared with data from the fuel consumption monitoring data base. For HDVs, the models are based on data from the development of the HDV CO2 determination method (Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, “VECTO”). The methods and also the results in terms of differences between real world and type approval for loading, road load, energy consumption and emission levels are described in this paper.
现实世界中ldv和hdv的燃料消耗和排放
在现实世界中,车辆的排放和能源消耗行为是任何国家实现空气质量和温室气体(GHG)目标的关键因素。虽然车辆的二氧化碳排放目标是根据标准化测试程序确定的,但在实际驾驶条件下,多种参数显示出很大的变化。主要区别在于驾驶周期车辆负载和驾驶阻力环境温度水平,启动条件和行程长度驾驶员换挡行为辅助设备的动力需求燃料质量对于即将更新的《道路运输排放因素手册》(HBEFA 4.1),我们进行了分析,测量和模拟,以详细阐述两轮车,乘用车(PC),轻型商用车(lcv)和重型车辆(hdv),即所谓的排放因子(EF)。EFs显示燃料消耗或排放水平,单位为[g/km]和[#/km],包括燃料、气体废气成分和颗粒数(PN)。EFs提供了许多不同的交通情况,包括不同道路坡度类别的停车和上行高速公路。不同的车辆类别、动力总成技术和排放标准(从欧0汽油PC到欧6 HDV CNG发动机)都有不同的EFs。为了生产EFs,在所有欧洲实验室收集了底盘动态和车载测量的车辆测试,以建立乘用车和重型排放模型(PHEM)中所有车辆部分的模型。PC和lcv的模型基于型式认可试验和全球统一轻型车辆试验程序(WLTP)提供的重量和道路载荷数据,然后以逐步校准的方法考虑实际驾驶中的所有影响。最后,将新车组油耗值计算结果与油耗监测数据库数据进行比较。对于HDV,模型基于HDV CO2测定方法(法规(EU) 2017/2400,“VECTO”)开发的数据。本文描述了这些方法以及实际情况与型式认可的装载、道路装载、能耗和排放水平之间的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering Engineering-Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
115
审稿时长
14 weeks
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