Specifics of the Latin American world view construction

A. Kofman
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Abstract

There are two main strategies for a world view formation in a literary work: the first one is direct, when the writer focuses on the national reality itself recreating it as a self-sufficient phenomenon independent of «someone else’s view»; the second one is «reverse». Its main feature is that the world view is formed in the process of a constant comparison with another culture, exploring and evaluating their own culture through the eyes of a foreigner. In Western European literature, the direct strategy is extremely dominant, whereas in Latin American literature, the reverse strategy has acquired the significance it has never had in the European one. It is proved by two ways in which the reverse strategy manifests itself: the first one is «looking outside», that is, the assertion of the uniqueness of Latin American reality through its juxtaposition with the European one; the second one is «looking from outside», which offers the perception of Latin American reality by an «outsider». The question arises: what factors have determined the dominance of the reverse strategy in Latin American literature? One of the reasons is that the latter has evolved by absorbing and processing the European literary patterns: this path of evolution is defined as «the search for one’s own in someone else’s». But this is not the only factor. Since the 16th century, the era of the birth of Latin American culture, the mode of perception of America has been formed as the opposition of the New World to the Old World and contained the motive of amazement at the «miraculous» reality, which was preserved in the genetic memory of culture materializing in the 20th century as magic realism.
拉丁美洲世界观建构的具体情况
文学作品世界观的形成主要有两种策略:第一种策略是直接的,即作家关注民族现实本身,将其作为一种独立于“他人观点”的自给自足的现象进行再创造;第二个是«reverse»。它的主要特点是世界观是在不断与另一种文化进行比较的过程中形成的,通过外国人的眼光来探索和评价自己的文化。在西欧文学中,直接策略占绝对优势,而在拉丁美洲文学中,反向策略获得了欧洲文学中从未有过的重要性。这可以通过两种方式来证明:第一种是“向外看”,即通过与欧洲的并置来断言拉丁美洲现实的独特性;第二个是“从外面看”,它提供了一个“局外人”对拉丁美洲现实的看法。问题来了:是什么因素决定了反向策略在拉丁美洲文学中的主导地位?其中一个原因是,后者是通过吸收和处理欧洲文学模式而发展起来的:这种发展道路被定义为“在别人的文学中寻找自己的”。但这并不是唯一的因素。自16世纪拉丁美洲文化诞生的时代起,对美洲的认知模式就形成了新世界与旧世界的对立,并包含了对“奇迹”现实的惊奇动机,这种动机保存在文化的遗传记忆中,在20世纪作为魔幻现实主义物质化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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