The Comparison between the Total Aggregate Sustainability of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles, Evidence from Montreal

Abstract

As an essential service to make society functional, the transportation section draws great attention because of the high emissions in terms of Greenhouse gas. Since the definition of sustainability was introduced, researchers started to evaluate the sustainability of each type of transportation. This paper compares the total aggregate sustainability of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles in Montreal through a re-designed methodology combining Miller Framework and ELATIC approach together. It assesses sustainability through eight indicators in three dimensions. After the assessment, we find that because of the high proportion of hydro energy used for electricity generation in Quebec, Electric Vehicles perform better than in other provinces in Canada. However, the accessibility should be improved given that many owners of Vehicles complain about the inconvenience. In addition, in our discussion, the limitation of data accuracy and the scope of the research is fully described with some improvement suggestions.