Nipple-Areola Reconstruction

Abstract

The nipple and areola complex typically provides the final finishing touch of the breast reconstruction, and most surgeons and patients do not believe the breast has been completely reconstructed until this step is completed. There have been literally hundreds of different types of nipple-areolar reconstructions described, along with variations. This chapter reviews the anatomy, timing, options, and the most common techniques used in reconstruction today. In addition, the authors review tattooing options and caveats for success, including choosing a method to best match the contralateral side and bringing in some additional tissue that may be used in the future for the nipple reconstruction.