{"title":"La intervención social entre la reacción y la prevención: dilema del Trabajo Social. Una revisión sistemática 2000-2019","authors":"Juana Dolores Santana Hernández","doi":"10.5209/CUTS.67444","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa finalidad del Trabajo Social es promover cambios que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas y su entorno. Esto se concreta en la intervencion social que mayoritariamente reacciona ante un problema emergente o existente que afecta tanto a personas individuales como a familias, grupos y comunidades. En cambio, la prevencion va mas alla de la atencion inmediata y se basa en diagnosticos prospectivos sobre las vulnerabilidades y riesgos de las personas y su entorno para impedir que sufran los efectos de los mismos o que estos se agraven. Con estas premisas, en este estudio se ha perseguido el objetivo de analizar las caracteristicas de la intervencion social segun las publicaciones de Trabajo Social, focalizado en distinguir entre los dos tipos de intervencion, como respuesta a problemas ya presentes o bien tratando de impedir que surjan. Para ello se ha realizado una revision de 29 articulos publicados entre los anos 2000 y 2019 en revistas cientificas. Entre los resultados se ha observado que la mayoria de los estudios estan basados en experiencias de intervencion reactiva y son pocos los referidos a la prevencion. Se plantean recomendaciones para la practica y la investigacion del Trabajo Social con un enfoque preventivo EnglishThe underlying purpose of Social Work is to promote changes that better people’s quality of life and their environments. This is normally evidenced in social intervention that reacts to an emerging or existing problem affecting individuals, or families, groups and communities. Prevention, however, does not stay within the realm of immediate care. Instead, it relies on forward-looking diagnostics to assess the personal and environmental risk factors of vulnerable individuals to prevent them from suffering their effects or, equally, from aggravating them. In line with these assumptions, the objective of this study has been to analyse the characteristics of social intervention as found in social work journals published between 2000-2019, and to establish the relevance of reactive intervention (responses to problems already present) versus preventive intervention (attempts to prevent problems from ensuing). For this purpose, a review has been performed of 29 papers in published in scientific journals between 2000 and 2019. From the results obtained, it was observed that most studies relate to experiences based on reactive intervention whilst few are based on preventive intervention. Consequently, the authors propose recommendations for the practice and research of Social Work from a preventive approach","PeriodicalId":43591,"journal":{"name":"ARQ","volume":"119 1","pages":"91-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ARQ","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5209/CUTS.67444","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHITECTURE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
espanolLa finalidad del Trabajo Social es promover cambios que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas y su entorno. Esto se concreta en la intervencion social que mayoritariamente reacciona ante un problema emergente o existente que afecta tanto a personas individuales como a familias, grupos y comunidades. En cambio, la prevencion va mas alla de la atencion inmediata y se basa en diagnosticos prospectivos sobre las vulnerabilidades y riesgos de las personas y su entorno para impedir que sufran los efectos de los mismos o que estos se agraven. Con estas premisas, en este estudio se ha perseguido el objetivo de analizar las caracteristicas de la intervencion social segun las publicaciones de Trabajo Social, focalizado en distinguir entre los dos tipos de intervencion, como respuesta a problemas ya presentes o bien tratando de impedir que surjan. Para ello se ha realizado una revision de 29 articulos publicados entre los anos 2000 y 2019 en revistas cientificas. Entre los resultados se ha observado que la mayoria de los estudios estan basados en experiencias de intervencion reactiva y son pocos los referidos a la prevencion. Se plantean recomendaciones para la practica y la investigacion del Trabajo Social con un enfoque preventivo EnglishThe underlying purpose of Social Work is to promote changes that better people’s quality of life and their environments. This is normally evidenced in social intervention that reacts to an emerging or existing problem affecting individuals, or families, groups and communities. Prevention, however, does not stay within the realm of immediate care. Instead, it relies on forward-looking diagnostics to assess the personal and environmental risk factors of vulnerable individuals to prevent them from suffering their effects or, equally, from aggravating them. In line with these assumptions, the objective of this study has been to analyse the characteristics of social intervention as found in social work journals published between 2000-2019, and to establish the relevance of reactive intervention (responses to problems already present) versus preventive intervention (attempts to prevent problems from ensuing). For this purpose, a review has been performed of 29 papers in published in scientific journals between 2000 and 2019. From the results obtained, it was observed that most studies relate to experiences based on reactive intervention whilst few are based on preventive intervention. Consequently, the authors propose recommendations for the practice and research of Social Work from a preventive approach
社会工作的目的是促进改变,以改善人们的生活质量和他们的环境。这体现在社会干预中,主要是对影响个人、家庭、团体和社区的新出现或现有问题作出反应。另一方面,预防不仅仅是立即关注,而是基于对人们及其环境的脆弱性和风险的前瞻性诊断,以防止他们遭受或恶化这些影响。在这些前提下,本研究的目的是根据社会工作出版物分析社会干预的特征,重点是区分两种类型的干预,作为对已经存在的问题的反应或试图防止它们的出现。为此,我们对2000年至2019年间发表在科学期刊上的29篇文章进行了综述。结果表明,大多数研究是基于反应性干预的经验,很少提及预防。对预防性社会工作的实践和研究提出了建议英语社会工作的基本目的是促进改变,以改善人们的生活质量和环境。这通常表现在对影响个人、家庭、群体和社区的新出现或现有问题作出反应的社会干预中。然而,预防并不局限于立即护理的范围。相反,它依赖于前瞻性诊断,以评估弱势群体的个人和环境风险因素,防止他们遭受其影响,或同等地加重其影响。In line with这些assumptions,目标of this study has to analyse the特征的社会干预as found In social work的published 2000-2019,与《设立的重新干预(responses to problems曾经目前)与预防干预(任何防止problems from ensuing)。的审查一直方面29 papers in published in scientific的2000年与2019年。从所取得的结果来看,大多数研究报告的是基于反应性干预的经验,而少数研究报告的是基于预防性干预的经验。因此,作者从预防的角度对社会工作的实践和研究提出了建议
期刊介绍:
ARQ is a journal of the School of Architecture of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and is part of the periodical publications of the University. ARQ is a quarterly publication aimed at professionals and academics, and dedicated to the dissemination of a critical selection of the architecture of Chile and South America and its related disciplines of ARQ Each issue addresses a theme that gives way to the editing, prioritizing excellence and variety of items, both papers as works and projects. The relationship with the academic world allows a permanent contact with international journals of architecture, with whom we develop regular exchanges.