Using Examination Methods and EDX Analysis to Study the Archaeological Vitreous Enamels

Abstract

* Corresponding author: niazymostafa_re@yahoo.com HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Examine and analyse different samples of vitreous enamel from two objects champlevé and peinture enamel. The evaluation process was performed using a stereo, digital microscope and using (SEM−EDX) to identify both types of enamel. Vitreous enamel suffers from many different deterioration aspects such as pitting, cracking, separation, and scratches...etc. The results proved that the chemical composition of enamel dates back to the 19th century AD.