Effect of rice and wheat varieties on rice equivalent yield, system productivity and nutrient uptake under organic farming in Jharkhand

Abstract

Globally organic farming is well known and appreciated. Due to continuous use of synthetic fertilizers, the harmful elements enter into the food web and ultimately cause health hazard not only to human beings but also have a detrimental effect on environment. In this regard the demand for organic produce is gaining momentum for safe and healthy food. The present study explains the “Effect of rice and wheat varieties on rice equivalent yield, system productivity and nutrient uptake under organic farming in Jharkhand”. A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Jharkhand with an objective to evaluate yield and nutrient uptake of rice and wheat varieties which are influenced by organic farming. The soil of experimental plot was sandy clay loam in texture having average carbon (6.16 Kg/ha), nitrogen (254.78 kg/ha), phosphorous (39.59 Kg/ha) and potassium (208.26 Kg/ha) with soil pH 6.04. Field experiments were carried out using randomized block design replicated thrice involving twelve treatments with twelve varieties. Rice varieties are: T1: Birsa vikas Dhan 203, T2: Birsa Dhan 201, T3 : Birsa vikas Sugandha 1, T4 : B.V.D 110, T5: Sahbhagi, T6: Birsamati, T7: Anjali, T8: Lalat, T9: M.T.U. 1010, T10: Akshay, T11: Pusa Sugandha and T12: Naveen. Whereas, wheat varieties are : Raj 4250, GW 366, NW 2036, K 0307, K 9107, HI 1563, Raj 4229, DBW 14, WR 544, BG 3, HD 2733 and DBW 39. Results showed: both the grain yield (40.22 kg/ha) and straw yield (62.96 kg/ha) of rice were maximum in MTU 1010. Likewise, the grain yield (31.56 kg/ha) and straw yield (45.78 kg/ha) of wheat were maximum in K 0307 and Raj 4229 respectively. The best rice equivalent yield of wheat was found maximum (33.19 q/ha) in B.V.D. 110-K 0307 cropping system, both the system productivity (66.52 Rs./ha) and system production efficiency (28.18 kg/ha/day) were highest in MTU 10101-WR 544 rice-wheat cropping system. Highest nutrient uptake in grain (N-53.33 kg/ha, P-11.31 kg/ha and K-10.20 kg/ha) and in straw (N-37.77 kg/ha, P-7.42 kg/ha and K-71.53 kg/ha) were observed in MTU 1010 rice variety. K0307 recorded highest nutrient uptake in wheat grain (N-47.93 kg/ha, P-8.74 kg/ha and K-10.06 kg/ha), however nutrient uptake in wheat straw (N-24.41 kg/ha, P-6.84 kg/ha and K- 38.40 kg/ha) was obtained maximum in Raj 4229.