RISK-BASED TUNNEL DESIGN FOR CONSEQUENCES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS: THE ROLE OF TUNNEL LENGTH

Antonella Pireddu, M. Lombardi, S. Bruzzone, D. Berardi
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Abstract

Tunnel extension is an under-analysed variable in road tunnel accidents despite being a dimensioning parameter for the purposes of users’ safety according to Directive 2004/54/EC. Recent studies have shown a correlation between the tunnel length and consequences of accidents. The analysis of fire events which occurred in tunnels indicates that in many cases fires are triggered by road accidents. By analysing the road accidents in Italy, the study aims to assess the relative risk of accidents with serious consequences for different classes of road tunnels. The second objective was to assess, using a vehicle type (or size) approach, the corresponding probability of accidents involving vehicles or trucks and special vehicles resulting in serious consequences (domino effect). We analysed the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) dataset on tunnel accidents which occurred between 2018 and 2020 on Italian public roads, involving at least one vehicle. Of these, we extracted tunnel accidents, classified by tunnel length and estimated the corresponding probability of serious consequences. The analysis identified 1,885 case studies of tunnel accidents that occurred in approximately 265 long tunnels and 450 short tunnels and underpasses. Compared with “controls”, “size” was found to be more than double in long tunnels where the related probability of serious accident consequences exceeded 50% more than those of short tunnels. We found that the related probability associated with serious accident consequences in tunnels over 500 m in length was higher than in short tunnels, except for trucks and special vehicles. Road accidents and research on risk evaluation of the effects associated with long and short tunnels are rare. The study aims to fill these gaps.
基于风险的道路事故后果隧道设计:隧道长度的作用
根据指令2004/54/EC,隧道延伸是一个以用户安全为目的的尺寸参数,但在道路隧道事故中,它是一个未充分分析的变量。最近的研究表明隧道长度与事故后果之间存在关联。对隧道火灾事件的分析表明,在许多情况下,火灾是由道路交通事故引起的。通过分析意大利的道路交通事故,本研究旨在评估不同类型道路隧道发生严重事故的相对风险。第二个目标是使用车辆类型(或尺寸)方法评估车辆或卡车和特种车辆发生事故的相应概率,造成严重后果(多米诺骨牌效应)。我们分析了意大利国家统计局(Istat)关于2018年至2020年意大利公共道路上发生的隧道事故的数据集,这些事故至少涉及一辆车。其中提取隧道事故,按隧道长度进行分类,估计相应的严重后果概率。该分析确定了1885个隧道事故案例研究,这些事故发生在大约265条长隧道和450条短隧道和地下通道中。与“对照”相比,“尺寸”在长隧道中增加了一倍以上,其相关严重事故后果的概率比短隧道高50%以上。我们发现,除了卡车和特种车辆外,长度超过500 m的隧道发生严重事故后果的相关概率高于短隧道。与长、短隧道相关的道路交通事故和风险评价研究很少。这项研究旨在填补这些空白。
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