Quantum microwave electric field measurement technology using the enhancement electric filed resonator

Abstract

The quantum microwave measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms has significant advantages such as self-calibration, traceability, high sensitivity and stable uniformity of measurement. In this paper, from the dimension of traditional electromagnetic theory, an electric field local enhancement technique for quantum microwave measurements is developed to improve the sensitivity of quantum microwave receivers. The theoretical basis of this method comes from the different mechanisms of realization of microwave reception in quantum microwave receivers and classical receiver. Classic receivers use antennas to collect microwave energy in space to signal reception; quantum microwave receivers measure the strength of the electric field in the path of a laser beam in an atomic gas chamber (the beam is about 100 microns in diameter) to signal reception. Therefore, the sensitivity of quantum microwave receiver can be improved by increasing the electric field strength in the path of laser beam. The critical physical mechanism is the multi-beam interference at the open and short ends of the structure. The results show that with the decrease of gap height of parallel plates, the enhancement factor of electric field strength increases rapidly and the power density compression capability is greatly improved. The |69D5/2> experiments verify that the structure can achieve a 25 dB electric field enhancement at 2.1 GHz. This paper's research is expected to improve the sensitivity of measurement based on atomic measurement capabilities and promote the practical development of quantum microwave measurement technology.