{"title":"Thermoregulation in mice: The road to understanding torpor hypothermia and the shortcomings of a circuit for generating fever","authors":"S. Morrison, Kazuhiro Nakamura, D. Tupone","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2021.2021059","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In their review, “Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulate body in mice”, Machado and Saper [1] summarize and interpret the results of several recent studies in which the latest genetic and molecular approaches were employed to genetically specify populations of thermally responsive neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of mice and to observe the changes on core body temperature (Tc) evoked by stimulating or inhibiting their cell bodies or axon terminals. This review is a useful summary of many of the key findings related to POA thermoregulatory neurons that would need to be incorporated in functional models of the neural circuitry mediating mouse thermoregulatory responses, including not only cold- and warm-defense, but also fever and the hypothermia of cold-evoked torpor. In stark contrast to rats and humans, mice depend heavily on the cold-defense mechanisms of somatic activity thermogenesis and torpor, suggesting that there must be several aspects of the functional organiza-tion of their thermoregulatory circuitry, including that in the POA, that are unique to mice. Thus, it will be of particular interest to determine the wider applicability to other mammalian species of the new discoveries regarding central thermoregulatory circuits being made through genetic manipulation approaches in mice. However, despite several detailed studies on thermoregulatory neurons in mice, including those described in this review, many of the fundamental aspects of the neural circuits that function to explain even the most basic aspects of mouse thermoregulation, such as cold- or warm-defense, energy-conserving torpor hypothermia, and pathogen-combating fever, remain to be elucidated. The authors describe some of what is known of the considerable heterogeneity with regard to genetics, projection patterns, and receptor and neurotransmitter","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"8 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.2021059","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
In their review, “Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulate body in mice”, Machado and Saper [1] summarize and interpret the results of several recent studies in which the latest genetic and molecular approaches were employed to genetically specify populations of thermally responsive neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of mice and to observe the changes on core body temperature (Tc) evoked by stimulating or inhibiting their cell bodies or axon terminals. This review is a useful summary of many of the key findings related to POA thermoregulatory neurons that would need to be incorporated in functional models of the neural circuitry mediating mouse thermoregulatory responses, including not only cold- and warm-defense, but also fever and the hypothermia of cold-evoked torpor. In stark contrast to rats and humans, mice depend heavily on the cold-defense mechanisms of somatic activity thermogenesis and torpor, suggesting that there must be several aspects of the functional organiza-tion of their thermoregulatory circuitry, including that in the POA, that are unique to mice. Thus, it will be of particular interest to determine the wider applicability to other mammalian species of the new discoveries regarding central thermoregulatory circuits being made through genetic manipulation approaches in mice. However, despite several detailed studies on thermoregulatory neurons in mice, including those described in this review, many of the fundamental aspects of the neural circuits that function to explain even the most basic aspects of mouse thermoregulation, such as cold- or warm-defense, energy-conserving torpor hypothermia, and pathogen-combating fever, remain to be elucidated. The authors describe some of what is known of the considerable heterogeneity with regard to genetics, projection patterns, and receptor and neurotransmitter
Machado和Saper[1]在他们的综述“Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulatory body In mice”中,总结并解释了最近几项研究的结果,这些研究采用最新的遗传和分子方法,对小鼠的preoptic area (POA)的热反应神经元群体进行了遗传指定,并观察了刺激或抑制其细胞体或轴突末端所引起的核心体温(Tc)的变化。这篇综述对许多与POA热调节神经元相关的关键发现进行了有益的总结,这些发现需要纳入介导小鼠热调节反应的神经回路功能模型,不仅包括冷防御和热防御,还包括发烧和冷诱发的低体温。与大鼠和人类形成鲜明对比的是,小鼠在很大程度上依赖于躯体活动产热和麻木的冷防御机制,这表明它们的体温调节回路的功能组织中一定有几个方面是小鼠独有的,包括POA中的功能组织。因此,确定通过基因操作方法在小鼠身上获得的关于中枢体温调节回路的新发现对其他哺乳动物物种的更广泛适用性将是特别有趣的。然而,尽管对小鼠体温调节神经元进行了一些详细的研究,包括本综述中所述的研究,但神经回路的许多基本方面仍有待阐明,这些基本方面甚至可以解释小鼠体温调节的最基本方面,如冷防御或热防御、节能性冬眠低体温和对抗病原体的发热。作者描述了一些已知的遗传、投射模式、受体和神经递质方面的相当大的异质性