Carotid Duplex Study in Correlation with High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile in Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Chronic diabetic hyperglycemia is well known to be associated with long-term damage of various organs, including heart and blood vessels. Even if manifestation is seen in the adult diabetic patient, the process of vascular changes starts much earlier in childhood. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT), a pre-atherosclerosis marker, and its relation to different risk factors in Diabetic children is not fully investigated. Aim of the work: To evaluate serum hs-CRP levels in type-I diabetic T1DM children and its relation with CIMT. Methods: This study included group I: 60 T1DM children and group II: 40 apparently healthy age, sex and BMI matched control. Both were subjected to; full history taking, thorough clinical examination (BP, anthropometry, lab studies, including oral glucose tolerance test, Lipid Profile (serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride), high sensitive CRP (HS-CRP) and 24 h microalbuminuria). Carotid duplex study B-mode and color-coded duplex sonography of extra cranial carotid. Results: The CIMT of both RCCA and LCCA in diabetic children was significantly increased. CIMT positively correlated with age, duration of diabetes, BMI, DBP, LDL, TG, HbA1c, as well as daily insulin dose and negatively with HDL. On the other hand, there were insignificant correlations with other risk factors. Conclusion: Regular monitoring of the high-risk children may help to identify the development and progression of atherosclerotic changes and cardiovascular disease.