Complications of diabetes: beyond the heart, kidneys, and eyes

Abstract

Diabetes is a leading global health problem. Clinicians and most patients are aware that diabetes can lead to complications in the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Given the high morbidity and mortality, much effort is made to screen for and treat these complications. Other organ systems can also be affected by diabetes. The pathogenesis and risk factors for developing these other complications does not always match those for heart, kidneys, and eyes. Additionally, treatment for these other complications is often limited or absent. Here we will review some of the major musculoskeletal, neuropathic, and skin complications linked to diabetes.