Feeling fast? Beliefs and performance among high school sprinters

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Travis J. Lybbert, Geyi Zheng
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Mindset can shape sports performance, but these effects can be difficult to detect empirically. We use data from high school sprinters to explore mindset effects on 100 m finishing times and find that headwinds hamper performance more than can be attributed to the physics of wind resistance alone. These (implied) psychological effects of wind on sprint times are stronger for girls than for boys. Having established the presence of mindset-based slack in physical performance, we then test whether sprint times changed in the wake of Matthew Boling’s record-breaking sprint in 2019 that, after going viral on social media, potentially boosted self-efficacy among high school sprinters. Using 2018 and 2019 high school track meets in California, we observe notable changes in average sprinter performance for certain types of athletes in specific wind conditions after Boling’s race that did not occur in the previous season. These results control for many observable variables, correct for multiple hypothesis testing, and use entropy balancing weights to ensure statistical comparability between the two years. We detect differences in this ‘Boling effect’ based on the predicted racial composition of teams and the predicted race of athletes, which is relevant given the racial angle of coverage of the record-setting run. We posit vicarious self-efficacy as a plausible explanation for these difference-in-differences patterns. Pronounced heterogeneity in these results demonstrates some of the complexities and nuances of mindset effects even in settings where performance is easily quantified. Subtle contextual and salience cues appear to mediate the impact of vicarious self-efficacy beliefs on performance.
感觉快?高中短跑运动员的信念与表现
心态可以塑造运动表现,但这些影响很难通过经验来检测。我们使用高中短跑运动员的数据来探索心态对100 米完成时间的影响,并发现逆风对成绩的影响比仅仅归因于风阻力的物理特性更大。这些(隐含的)风对短跑时间的心理影响对女孩比对男孩更强。在确定了身体表现中存在基于心态的松弛之后,我们接下来测试了马修·博林(Matthew Boling)在2019年打破纪录的短跑后,短跑时间是否发生了变化。在社交媒体上疯传后,这可能提高了高中短跑运动员的自我效能感。利用2018年和2019年在加州举行的高中田径赛,我们观察到某些类型的运动员在特定风况下的平均短跑成绩发生了显著变化,而这在上个赛季是没有发生的。这些结果控制了许多可观察变量,纠正了多个假设检验,并使用熵平衡权来确保两年间的统计可比性。我们根据预测的团队种族组成和预测的运动员种族来检测这种“博林效应”的差异,这与记录刷新报道的种族角度有关。我们假设替代自我效能是对这些差异中的差异模式的合理解释。这些结果明显的异质性表明,即使在绩效很容易量化的环境中,心态影响也存在一些复杂性和细微差别。微妙的情境和显著性线索似乎调解了替代自我效能信念对表现的影响。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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