Introduction of Novel Alternative to Guar-Based Fracturing Fluid for Russian Conventional Reservoirs

A. Loginov, S. Pavlova, O. Olennikova, Andrey O. Fedorov, Irina Lomovskaya, Kira Yudina, E. Danilevich, A. Shalagina, V. Radaev
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Guar-based crosslinked fluids remained the prevalent choice of frac fluid for a long period of time, since massive hydraulic fracturing was started in Russia. Traditional frac fluid contains 2535 ppt of crosslinked guar, which results in very high fluid viscosity (min 400 cp at 100 sec-1 as rule of thumb) and low retained permeability of proppant pack - around 35%. With recent move towards complex geology reservoirs in Russia, where wide propped frac is no longer an optimum solution, the need in review of current fracturing approaches emerged. In several last years local operators started to gradually move away from h igh-viscosity fluids via its partial replacement with cleaner guar-based low viscous linear gel. However, even in this case retained fracture conductivities are typically not higher than 60-70%, especially in cases when hybrid fluid systems are used - linear fluid combined with crosslinked gel. Goal to reach improved fracture conductivity opens a field for new discoveries. This study objective is to evaluate the applicability of novel clean frac fluid for conventional reservoirs in Russia. Current study is focused on development of laboratory testing procedures and testing results analysis of novel synthetic polymer-based fracturing fluid in terms of its applicability on conventional reservoirs - tight sandstones. Viscous slickwater has already been widely used on shale reservoirs in North America, however was never applied for conditions of sandstones fracturing: in mili Darcy environment, in combination with ceramic proppant, pumping via tubing, utilizing pump rates less than 10 m3/min (60 bbl/min). Fluid rheology studies, leak-off behavior, regained conductivity of the proppant pack, regained permeability of the formation, dynamic proppant transport tests and dynamic fluid viscosity evaluation are described in the paper. Elastic properties of viscous slickwater (H.Zhao, S.Danican, H.Torres, Y.Christianti, M.Nikolaev, S.Makarychev-Mikhailov, A.Bonnell, Schlumberger, 2018) provide improved dynamic proppant transport and static proppant settling, in comparison with low viscous fluid - linear guar-based gel, i.e. better horizontal and vertical proppant distribution inside the fracture. Ceramic proppant pack conductivity even with high loadings of High Viscosity Friction Reducer without breakers showed superior results - Regained conductivity reached 100%. Coreflow experiments using conventional (1-10 mD) sandstone cores demonstrated 100% regained phase permeability to hydrocarbon, proving that fluid is non-damaging to formation. As a result of numerous laboratory studies performed, Viscous slickwater was qualified as alternative fracturing fluid to conventionally used guar-based gel and has been approved for field testing campaign on conventional tight sandstones in Russia. Field trials of novel frac fluid - Viscous slickwater demonstrated positive results both in terms of pumpability and well productivity on tight sandstones 0.5-3.0 mD This fluid has been recommended for further roll out to wider range of conventional oilfields.
俄罗斯常规油藏瓜尔基压裂液新替代品介绍
自俄罗斯开始大规模水力压裂以来,瓜尔基交联液在很长一段时间内一直是压裂液的普遍选择。传统压裂液含有2535ppt的交联瓜尔胶,这导致了非常高的流体粘度(100秒-1时最小400 cp)和低的支撑剂充填的保留渗透率,约为35%。随着俄罗斯最近向复杂地质油藏的发展,宽支撑压裂不再是最佳解决方案,因此需要对当前的压裂方法进行审查。在过去的几年里,当地的作业者开始逐步放弃使用高粘度流体,转而使用更清洁的瓜尔基低粘度线性凝胶。然而,即使在这种情况下,保留的裂缝导流率通常也不高于60-70%,特别是在使用混合流体体系(线性流体与交联凝胶结合)的情况下。提高裂缝导流能力的目标为新发现开辟了新的领域。本研究的目的是评价新型清洁压裂液在俄罗斯常规油藏中的适用性。目前的研究重点是开发新型合成聚合物基压裂液的实验室测试方法和测试结果分析,以确定其在常规储层致密砂岩中的适用性。粘性滑溜水已经广泛应用于北美的页岩储层,但从未应用于砂岩压裂条件:在达西油田环境中,与陶瓷支撑剂结合,通过油管泵送,泵速低于10 m3/min(60桶/min)。本文介绍了流体流变学研究、漏失行为、支撑剂充填层的恢复导电性、地层的恢复渗透率、动态支撑剂输送测试和动态流体粘度评估。与低粘性流体——线性瓜尔基凝胶相比,黏性滑水的弹性特性(H.Zhao, S.Danican, H.Torres, Y.Christianti, M.Nikolaev, s . makarychevv - mikhailov, A.Bonnell,斯伦贝谢,2018)改善了支撑剂的动态运输和静态沉降,即裂缝内水平和垂直方向的支撑剂分布更好。陶瓷支撑剂充填的导电性即使在没有破胶剂的情况下,也表现出了优异的效果,恢复的导电性达到了100%。采用常规(1-10 mD)砂岩岩心进行的岩心回流实验表明,该流体对油气的相渗透率恢复了100%,证明该流体不会对地层造成损害。经过大量的实验室研究,粘性滑溜水可以作为常规瓜尔基凝胶的替代压裂液,并已被批准用于俄罗斯常规致密砂岩的现场测试。新型压裂液的现场试验表明,在0.5-3.0 mD的致密砂岩中,粘性滑溜水在可泵性和油井产能方面都取得了积极的成果,该流体已被推荐进一步推广到更广泛的常规油田。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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