Odds-symmetry model for cumulative probabilities and decomposition of a conditional symmetry model in square contingency tables

Abstract

For the analysis of square contingency tables, it is necessary to estimate an unknown distribution with high confidence from an obtained observation. For that purpose, we need to introduce a statistical model that fits the data well and has parsimony. This study proposes asymmetry models based on cumulative probabilities for square contingency tables with the same row and column ordinal classifications. In the proposed models, the odds, for all i<j, that an observation will fall in row category i or below, and column category j or above, instead of row category j or above, and column category i or below, depend on only row category i or column category j. This is notwithstanding that the odds are constant without relying on row and column categories under the conditional symmetry (CS) model. The proposed models constantly hold when the CS model holds. However, the converse is not necessarily true. This study also shows that it is necessary to satisfy the extended marginal homogeneity model, in addition to the proposed models, to satisfy the CS model. These decomposition theorems explain why the CS model does not hold. The proposed models provide a better fit for application to a single data set of real-world occupational data for father-and-son dyads.