Preparation, standardization, and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Gairikadya malahara – An Ayurvedic ointment

Abstract

Introduction: Gairikadya malahara is a classical ointment formulation described in Rasa Tarangini. This drug is used externally to treat chronic ulcers. Despite many available ointments, the need of broad spectrum and innocuous dressing material is always obligatory. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of Gairikadya malahara on common microbial flora (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) present over the granulation tissue. Materials and Methods: The drug was prepared by the standard protocol as mentioned in the literature. The physiochemical, heavy metal, and microbiological analyses were performed to standardize the formulation. Antimicrobial study was conducted to see the in vitro action of the drug over bacteria and fungus. Results: The prepared drug was found within prescribed physiochemical, heavy metal, and microbiological parameters as mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. It was found that a higher concentration (100 mg/mL) of Gairikadya malahara is effective against Bacilus cereus (MTCC 6840), S. aureus (MTCC 737), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687), P. aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 98), S. epidermidis (MTCC 96), Enterococcus feacalis (MTCC no. 439), and Candida albicans (MTCC 227). Conclusion: Gairikadya malahara is innocuous and effective to prevent infection over the granulation surface. Drug standardization with physiochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, and microbial testing suggests that the classical method of Malahara preparation is up to the mark. Further, a clinical study to evaluate the healing of chronic nonhealing ulcers may be recommended.