Design and analysis of a 5-element ESPAR antenna with an active PIFA

Abstract

A 5-element ESPAR antenna with a sole active PIFA element and four parasitic ILAs elements is designed for operation at 2.1 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for integration in mobile terminals. Reactance loads are connected to the symmetrically-placed parasitic elements in order to achieve beam scanning at desirable directions at both azimuth and elevation plane. Simulation results prove that the proposed antenna is able to produce a variety of patterns with beam steering support at the principle planes. In addition, the proposed antenna behavior in the frequency domain is presented and the input impedance characteristics are analyzed.