Programming by manipulation for layout

Thibaud Hottelier, R. Bodík, Kimiko Ryokai
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引用次数: 29

Abstract

We present Programming by Manipulation, a new programming methodology for specifying the layout of data visualizations, targeted at non-programmers. We address the two central sources of bugs that arise when programming with constraints: ambiguities and conflicts (inconsistencies). We rule out conflicts by design and exploit ambiguity to explore possible layout designs. Our users design layouts by highlighting undesirable aspects of a current design, effectively breaking spurious constraints and introducing ambiguity by giving some elements freedom to move or resize. Subsequently, the tool indicates how the ambiguity can be removed, by computing how the free elements can be fixed with available constraints. To support this workflow, our tool computes the ambiguity and summarizes it visually. We evaluate our work with two user-studies demonstrating that both non-programmers and programmers can effectively use our prototype. Our results suggest that our tool is 5-times more productive than direct programming with constraints.
通过布局操作进行编程
我们提出了一种新的编程方法,用于指定数据可视化的布局,针对非程序员。我们解决了在使用约束进行编程时出现的两个主要bug来源:歧义和冲突(不一致)。我们通过设计排除冲突,并利用模糊性来探索可能的布局设计。我们的用户通过突出当前设计中不受欢迎的方面来设计布局,有效地打破虚假的限制,并通过给一些元素自由移动或调整大小来引入模糊性。随后,该工具通过计算如何使用可用的约束来固定自由元素来指示如何消除歧义。为了支持这个工作流程,我们的工具计算歧义并可视化地总结它。我们通过两个用户研究来评估我们的工作,证明非程序员和程序员都可以有效地使用我们的原型。我们的结果表明,我们的工具比带约束的直接编程效率高5倍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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