Nursing interventions in complications of arteriovenous fistula

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem, not only because of its mass, but also because of its chronic and progressive course, which results in significant comorbidity and mortality. Patients need to be prepared in time for active treatment with one of the methods for replacing renal function. Hemodialysis is not possible without an adequate vascular approach, and the ideal vascular approach should enable repeated and long-term access to the circulation, high blood flow and a minimal number of complications. The most common reason for hospitalization of patients who are on a chronic hemodialysis program are complications related to the vascular approach, which leads to high treatment costs. Due to the least number of complications, arteriovenous fistula is usually the first choice compared to other vascular approaches for hemodialysis. The most common complications of arteriovenous fistula are thrombosis, stenosis and infection. The nurse should recognize the signs and symptoms of complications and participate in their care. The patient plays an essential role in the early recognition of complications, so educating the patient is vital in reacting in time and reducing the number of complications.