Mechanisms and levels of resistance in hybrids, open pollinated varieties and landraces to Chilo partellus maize stem borers.

Munyiri Shelmith Wanja, M. Ngure, M. Kyalo
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Reduction in maize grain losses could be enhanced through identification of existing resistant genotypes and pyramiding the resistance into elite materials. This study was carried out in two trials of 100 commercial hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs), and 75 landraces to identify resistant genotypes and mechanisms of resistance to Chilo partellus maize stem borers. The trials were laid out in α-lattice designs, each replicated three times during the 2010/11 and 2012 rainy seasons. Each plant was artificially infested with five C. partellus neonates three weeks after planting. Data collected included leaf toughness, stem hardness, trichome density, stem sugar content, leaf damage, number of stem borer exit holes, tunnel length and grain yield. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS 2007 package and means separated using Fishers protected least significant difference test (LSD) at (P < 0.05). Canonical discriminant analysis was performed to discriminate the mechanisms evaluated. The most resistant genotypes were CIMMYT experimental resistant hybrid checks followed by landraces and the OPVs. Top 10 resistant commercial hybrids and OPVs were PH1, PH4, DHO1, DH04, DK8031, KDVI, KDV2, PH3253, ECA-Strigoff-VL and EEQPM-8-EA, while H629, H6212, KH 600-15A, H6213 and H6210 were the most resistant commercial hybrids. Canonical discriminant analysis identified percentage stem sugar content and trichome density as the most important resistance mechanisms for discriminating the genotypes. The resistant landraces and OPVs could be utilized in breeding for maize stem borer resistance, while the resistant commercial hybrids and OPVs could be recommended for production in the relevant ecologies in Kenya to curb maize stem borer related yield losses.
杂交种、开放授粉品种和地方品种对小叶螟的抗性机制和水平。
通过鉴定现有的抗性基因型,并将抗性转化为优良材料,可以减少玉米籽粒损失。本研究对100个商业杂交品种和开放授粉品种(OPVs)以及75个地方品种进行了两项试验,以确定玉米茎螟虫的抗性基因型和抗性机制。试验采用α-晶格设计,在2010/11和2012年雨季各重复三次。每株植物在种植后3周人工侵染5株褐藻幼体。收集的数据包括叶片韧性、茎硬度、毛状体密度、茎含糖量、叶片损伤程度、茎螟虫出口孔数、隧道长度和籽粒产量。数据采用SAS 2007软件包的PROC GLM进行分析,均数采用fisher保护最小显著差异检验(LSD)分离(P < 0.05)。进行典型判别分析以区分评估的机制。抗性最强的基因型是CIMMYT实验抗性杂交种,其次是地方品种和opv。抗性前10位的商品杂交种和opv分别为PH1、PH4、DHO1、DH04、DK8031、KDVI、KDV2、PH3253、ECA-Strigoff-VL和EEQPM-8-EA,抗性最高的商品杂交种为H629、H6212、KH 600-15A、H6213和H6210。典型判别分析表明,茎糖含量百分比和毛状体密度是区分基因型最重要的抗性机制。具有抗性的地方杂交种和opv可用于玉米茎秆螟虫抗性育种,而具有抗性的商业杂交种和opv可推荐用于肯尼亚相关生态系统的生产,以遏制玉米茎秆螟虫相关的产量损失。
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